Fig. 2

SV2A levels in CSF and serum at different stages of AD and the early diagnostic and differential diagnostic efficacy of them for AD. a. CSF SV2A levels at different stages of AD (Con = 35, aMCI = 14, AD = 46). b. Correlation of CSF SV2A with MMSE scores. c. Correlation of CSF SV2A with MOCA scores. d. Serum SV2A at different stages of AD (Con = 102, aMCI = 91, AD = 164). (e) Correlation of serum SV2A level with MMSE scores. (f) Correlation of serum SV2A level with MOCA scores. (g) Correlation analysis of CSF SV2A and serum SV2A (aMCI, n = 37; AD, n = 55). h–l. Diagnostic efficacy of CSF SV2A for Con vs. aMCI, Con vs. AD, aMCI vs. AD, VaD vs. AD, and PDD vs. AD. m–q. Diagnostic efficacy of serum SV2A for Con vs. aMCI, Con vs. AD, aMCI vs. AD, VaD vs. AD, and PDD vs. AD. CSF SV2A and serum SV2A were presented as means ± SEM. The significance of the between-group differences was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the correlations between biomarkers and cognitive scores by controlling for confounders age and sex. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AUC, area under the curve; Con, control; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PDD, Parkinson’s disease dementia; SV2A, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A; vs., versus