Table 2 Meta-analysis of studies regarding plasma/serum and CSF chemokines

AD vs HC

CCL1

Plasma/

serum

3

199/696

1.56 (1.02–2.39)

0.126^#

92.3

 < 0.001

1

0.51

CCL2

20

2017/1953

1.13 (0.92–1.39)

0.726^#

98.7

 < 0.001

0.02

0.06

CCL3

5

244/321

1.36 (0.80–2.30)

0.759^#

99.1

 < 0.001

1

0.72

CCL4

4

406/342

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

1.701^#

37.9

0.148

0.31

0.09

CCL5

6

216/136

0.99 (0.62–1.60)

2.73^#

97.8

 < 0.001

1

0.57

CCL7

4

277/261

1.19 (0.83–1.72)

2.304^#

87

0.349

1

0.76

CCL11

3

301/284

1.17 (0.83–1.64)

1.131^#

67.3

0.047

1

0.80

CCL15

3

207/78

1.29 (1.13–1.47)

0.009^#

48.7

0.142

0.09

0.06

CCL17

4

140/175

1.31 (0.88–1.96)

0.18

80

0.002

0.31

0.60

CCL18

2

238/193

1.05 (0.79–1.38)

0.753

62.9

0.101

-

-

CCL19

2

43/50

1.71 (0.30–9.87)

0.55

91.2

0.001

-

-

CCL22

2

111/59

1.04 (0.65–1.67)

0.864

72.7

0.056

-

-

CCL26

3

174/701

0.81 (0.60–1.10)

0.346^#

0

0.747

1

0.25

CCL27

3

58/87

1.34 (1.19–1.51)

 < 0.001

0

0.368

0.30

0.55

CXCL1

4

92/108

1.28 (0.93–1.77)

0.126

55.1

0.083

0.31

0.41

CXCL8

18

727/580

1.18 (0.85–1.62)

0.966^#

98

 < 0.001

0.77^a

0.21^a

CXCL9

3

140/108

1.78 (1.39–2.28)

 < 0.001

46.9

0.152

0.31

0.05

CXCL10

3

78/64

1.92 (1.03–3.58)

0.039

99.4

 < 0.001

1

0.44

CXCL12

3

78/98

1.03 (0.85–1.24)

0.727

91

 < 0.001

1

0.97

CX3CL1

4

148/131

1.20 (0.96–1.50)

0.33^#

84.1

 < 0.001

1

0.51

AD vs MCI

CCL1

2

120/95

1.37 (1.17–1.59)

 < 0.001

0

0.772

-

-

CCL2

9

1026/573

1.13 (0.80–1.59)

1.095^#

85.6

 < 0.001

0.60

0.53

CCL3

2

56/81

1.00 (0.86–1.16)

2.982^#

0

0.722

-

-

CCL4

4

536/405

1.04 (0.95–1.14)

1.227^#

0

0.704

0.31

0.11

CCL5

2

124/95

0.98 (0.77–1.25)

2.7^#

52.5

0.147

-

-

CCL7

2

106/69

1.21 (0.96–1.53)

0.3^#

0

0.843

-

-

CCL11

2

290/250

1.09 (0.96–1.24)

0.489^#

32.1

0.225

-

-

CCL15

2

188/111

1.09 (1.00–1.19)

0.135^#

0

0.996

-

-

CXCL8

6

271/302

1.13 (0.80–1.59)

1.497^#

89.3

 < 0.001

1

0.08

CXCL9

2

46/61

2.29 (1.57–3.32)

 < 0.001

25.8

0.246

-

-

CX3CL1

2

93/69

0.77 (0.62–0.96)

0.05^#

0

0.938

-

-

MCI vs HC

CCL1

2

95/631

1.30 (0.66–2.54)

1.356^#

90.6

0.001

-

-

CCL2

13

655/665

1.07 (0.98–1.16)

0.369^#

77.6

 < 0.001

0.50

0.412

CCL3

2

95/31

0.64 (0.22–1.92)

1.827^#

91

0.001

-

-

CCL4

3

317/311

0.94 (0.83–1.07)

1.059^#

1.8

0.361

1

0.51

CCL5

2

81/89

1.28 (0.50–3.23)

1.281^#

79.7

0.027

-

-

CCL7

2

69/38

0.94 (0.73–1.22)

1.971^#

42.1

0.189

-

-

CCL11

6

347/331

1.03 (0.97–1.1)

0.933^#

0

0.824

1

0.49

CCL15

2

111/59

1.16 (1.01–1.35)

0.117^#

0

0.654

-

-

CCL26

2

82/107

1.27 (0.63–2.57)

1.768^#

41

0.193

-

-

CXCL8

7

340/194

1.05 (0.61–1.80)

2.589^#

96.4

 < 0.001

0.45^a

0.79^a

CXCL9

2

61/52

1.01 (0.76–1.34)

2.79^#

0

0.324

-

-

CX3CL1

2

69/77

2.02 (1.58–2.58)

 < 0.001

19.2

0.266

-

-

AD vs HC

CCL2

CSF

12

310/338

1.19 (1.13–1.25)

 < 0.001

0

0.81

0.84

0.73

CCL5

2

38/56

1.30 (0.66–2.57)

0.451

48.3

0.164

-

-

CXCL8

10

260/308

1.22 (0.99–1.50)

0.174^#

86.8

 < 0.001

0.59

0.85

CXCL10

5

295/231

1.05 (0.84–1.31)

2.007^#

68.8

0.012

0.46

0.60

CXCL12

2

42/47

0.95 (0.62–1.46)

0.803

83.8

0.013

-

-

CX3CL1

4

133/207

1.09 (0.93–1.28)

0.933^#

51.6

0.102

0.73

0.71

MCI vs HC

CCL2

6

175/171

1.16 (1.05–1.29)

0.012^#

59.2

0.031

0.26

0.39

CXCL8

3

65/85

1.52 (0.70–3.29)

0.585^#

96.2

 < 0.001

1

0.37

CXCL10

2

52/66

1.19 (0.48–2.97)

2.103^#

92.6

 < 0.001

-

-

CX3CL1

3

72/70

1.27 (0.71–2.28)

1.266^#

89.7

 < 0.001

1

0.63

AD vs MCI

CCL2

5

130/123

1.04 (0.90–1.19)

1.893^#

56.3

0.058

1

0.33

CXCL8

3

61/65

0.72 (0.38–1.37)

0.96^#

94.7

 < 0.001

1

0.47

CXCL10

2

36/52

1.08 (0.56–2.08)

2.454^#

76.2

0.04

-

-

CX3CL1

3

83/72

0.80 (0.51–1.27)

1.044^#

81.1

0.005

1

0.33