Plasma amyloid beta 42 is a biomarker for patients with hereditary, but not sporadic, cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Table 2 Characteristics and results of plasma and CSF analysis of D-CAA patients and controls for validation

	Presymptomatic D-CAA (n = 26)	Young controls (n = 39)	Symptomatic D-CAA (n = 28)	Older controls (n = 46)	P-value/adjusted p-value^§, Presymp vs YC	B (95% CI)*	P-value/adjusted p-value^§, Symp vs OC	B (95% CI)**	P-value/adjusted p-value^§, Presymp vs Symp	B (95% CI)***
Age (years)	38 [33–51]	40 [35–51]	58 [51–64]	59 [52–70]	0.81^a	–	0.47^a	–	<0.001^a	–
Sex, F/M (n)	17/9	24/15	14/14	29/29	0.75^b	–	1.00^b	–	0.25^b	–
MOCA	28 [26–29]	N.A	27 [24–28]	N.A.	–	–	–	–	0.01^a	–
Plasma
Aβ38 (pg/ml)	12.3 [9.66–13.2]	12.6 [9.02–15.0]	13.9 ± 2.94	15.8 ± 2.94	0.24^a/0.18^§	− 1.63 (− 4.02–0.75)	0.06^c/0.14^§	− 1.69 (− 3.95–0.57)	0.002^a/0.19^§	2.67 (1.05–4.29)
Aβ40 (pg/ml)	118 [95–130]	119 [98.1–133]	135 ± 24.9	144 ± 42.5	0.55^a/0.28^§	− 9.28 (− 26.03–7.47)	0.23^c/0.38^§	− 7.36 (− 24.02 to 9.29)	< 0.001^a/0.30^§	24.82 (10.68–38.97)
Aβ42 (pg/ml)	23.4 [20.9–26.7]	26.1 [21.9–29.2]	26.0 [23.2–28.8]	28.6 [24.1–33.9]	0.31^a/0.63^§	− 0.87 (− 4.48–2.74)	0.04^a/0.03^§	− 3.43 (− 6.58 to − 0.29)	0.10^a/0.87^§	0.53 (− 2.84–3.91)
CSF
Aβ38 (ng/ml)	1240 [1023–1183]; n = 11	N.A	785 [670–1165]; n = 11	N.A.	–	–	–	–	0.023^a/ 0.63^§	–
Aβ40 (ng/ml)	2.34 [1.88–3.34]; n = 10	N.A	1.68 [1.24–2.12]; n = 11	N.A	–	–	–	–	0.016^a/ 0.041^§	–
Aβ42 (pg/ml)	108 [86–148]; n = 10	N.A	72 [60–92]; n = 11	N.A	–	–	–	–	0.076^a/ 0.21^§	–

Values are medians and [IQR] except for sex (n), and plasma Aβ38 and plasma Aβ40 in the symptomatic patients and older controls (mean ± SD)
Abbreviations: 95% CI 95% confidence interval, Aβ amyloid beta, B unstandardized beta coefficient, D-CAA Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, F female, IQR interquartile range, M Male, NA not available, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, OC older controls, Presymp presymptomatic D-CAA, SD standard deviation, Symp symptomatic D-CAA, YC young controls
^aMann-Whitney test
^bChi-square test
^cStudent’s t-test
^*Unstandardized B from linear regression with plasma Aβ as a dependent variable, and age, sex, and group (patients with presymptomatic D-CAA versus young controls) as independent variables, with controls as the reference category
^**Unstandardized B from linear regression with plasma Aβ as an dependent variable, and age, sex, and group (patients with symptomatic D-CAA versus older controls) as independent variables, with controls as the reference category
^***Unstandardized B from linear regression with plasma Aβ as an independent variable and group (patients with asymptomatic D-CAA versus patients with symptomatic D-CAA) as an independent variable, with presymptomatic D-CAA as the reference category
^§P-value adjusted for age and sex

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