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Table 1 League table of the changes of overall cognition function

From: The beneficial effect on cognition of noninvasive brain stimulation intervention in patients with dementia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

c-tDCS-F3 + a-tDCS-Fp2

 

0.59 (−0.24, 1.42)

        

*3.50 (2.28, 4.71)

 

1.31 (−0.97, 3.59)

HF-rTMS-F3F4

      

*0.82 (0.08, 1.56)

  

*1.16 (0.49, 1.83)

 

1.30 (−0.42, 3.01)

−0.02 (−1.91, 1.87)

a-tDCS-F3 + c-tDCS-Fp2

        

1.30 (−1.77, 4.37)

 

1.31 (−1.21, 3.83)

0.00 (−2.20, 2.20)

0.02 (−2.15, 2.19)

a-tDCS-T3P3/T4P4 + c-tDCS-LtLb

       

*1.12 (0.48, 1.76)

 

1.59 (−0.65, 3.83)

0.28 (−1.61, 2.17)

0.30 (−1.55, 2.14)

0.28 (−1.89, 2.45)

a-tDCS-F7 + c-tDCS-Fp2

      

0.81 (−0.07, 1.68)

 

1.71 (−0.26, 3.69)

0.40 (−1.16, 1.97)

0.42 (−1.09, 1.93)

0.40 (−1.49, 2.29)

0.12 (−1.39, 1.64)

HF-rTMS-Mx

 

−0.26 (−1.17, 0.64)

   

*0.78 (0.15, 1.42)

 

1.71 (−0.85, 4.26)

0.40 (−1.85, 2.64)

0.41 (−1.80, 2.62)

0.39 (−2.09, 2.88)

0.12 (−2.10, 2.33)

−0.01 (−1.95, 1.93)

HF-rTMS-F3T3

    

0.73 (−0.04, 1.50)

 

1.93 (−0.13, 3.99)

0.62 (−1.04, 2.27)

0.63 (−0.98, 2.24)

0.62 (−1.35, 2.59)

0.34 (−1.27, 1.95)

0.21 (−0.87, 1.30)

0.22 (−1.79, 2.24)

HF-rTMS-F3

   

*0.48 (0.04, 0.92)

 

2.09 (−0.39, 4.56)

0.78 (−0.90, 2.45)

0.79 (−1.33, 2.91)

0.77 (−1.63, 3.18)

0.50 (−1.62, 2.62)

0.37 (−1.46, 2.20)

0.38 (−2.06, 2.82)

0.16 (−1.76, 2.07)

LF-rTMS-F3F4

  

0.39 (−0.33, 1.11)

 

2.31 (−0.31, 4.92)

1.00 (−1.32, 3.31)

1.01 (−1.27, 3.29)

0.99 (−1.55, 3.54)

0.72 (−1.56, 3.00)

0.59 (−1.42, 2.61)

0.60 (−1.98, 3.18)

0.38 (−1.71, 2.47)

0.22 (−2.28, 2.72)

a-tDCS-F3 + c-tDCS-F4

 

0.13 (−0.82, 1.08)

 

2.43 (−0.12, 4.99)

1.12 (−1.13, 3.37)

1.14 (−1.08, 3.36)

1.12 (−1.37, 3.61)

0.84 (−1.37, 3.06)

0.72 (−1.22, 2.66)

0.73 (−1.80, 3.25)

0.51 (−1.52, 2.53)

0.35 (−2.10, 2.79)

0.13 (−2.46, 2.72)

a-tDCS-T3 + c-tDCS-Fp2

0.00 (−0.79, 0.79)

 

*2.43 (0.61, 4.26)

1.12 (−0.24, 2.49)

1.14 (−0.17, 2.45)

1.12 (−0.61, 2.85)

0.84 (−0.46, 2.15)

0.72 (−0.04, 1.48)

0.73 (−1.05, 2.51)

0.51 (−0.43, 1.45)

0.35 (−1.32, 2.02)

0.13 (−1.74, 2.00)

−0.00 (−1.79, 1.79)

Sham

0.44 (−0.37, 1.26)

*2.88 (0.31, 5.45)

1.57 (−0.69, 3.83)

1.58 (−0.64, 3.81)

1.57 (−0.93, 4.07)

1.29 (−0.94, 3.51)

1.16 (−0.79, 3.12)

1.17 (−1.36, 3.71)

0.95 (−1.08, 2.98)

0.79 (−1.66, 3.25)

0.57 (−2.02, 3.17)

0.44 (−2.09, 2.98)

0.44 (−1.36, 2.25)

a-tDCS-F3 + c-tDCS-RtLb

  1. Pairwise (upper-right portion) and network (lower-left portion) meta-analysis results are presented as estimate effect sizes for the outcome of changes of overall cognition function in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Interventions are reported in order of mean ranking of beneficial effect on overall cognition function, and outcomes are expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence intervals). For the pairwise meta-analyses, SMD of more than 0 indicate that the treatment specified in the row got more beneficial effect than that specified in the column. For the network meta-analysis (NMA), SMD of more than 0 indicate that the treatment specified in the column got more beneficial effect than that specified in the row. Bold results marked with * indicate statistical significance
  2. Abbreviations: c-tDCS-F3 + a-tDCS-Fp2, cathodal tDCS of the left DLPFC and anodal over the right supraorbital region; HF-rTMS-F3F4, high-frequency rTMS over bilateral DLPFC; a-tDCS-F3 + c-tDCS-Fp2, anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC and cathodal over the right supraorbital region; a-tDCS-T3P3/T4P4 + c-tDCS-LtLb, anodal tDCS 2mA alternatively over the bilateral temporo-parietal lobe (T3-P3 or T4-P4) and cathodal over left arm deltoid muscle; a-tDCS-F7 + c-tDCS-Fp2, anodal tDCS of the left frontotemporal lobe and cathodal over the right frontal lobe; HF-rTMS-Mx, high-frequency rTMS multifocal stimulation; HF-rTMS-F3T3, high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC and left lateral temporal lobe; HF-rTMS-F3, high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC; LF-rTMS-F3F4, low frequency rTMS over bilateral DLPFC; a-tDCS-F3 + c-tDCS-F4, anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC and cathodal over the right DLPFC; a-tDCS-T3 + c-tDCS-Fp2, anodal tDCS of the left lateral temporal lobe and cathodal over the right frontal lobe; a-tDCS-F3 + c-tDCS-RtLb, anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC and cathodal over the right deltoid muscle; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Sham, sham control; tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation