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Table 2 The association of walking pace with new-onset dementia and its major subtypes

From: Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

 

Walking pace

P for trend

Slow

N = 40,464

Average

N = 261,751

Brisk

N = 193,485

All-cause dementia

 Events (%)

733 (1.8)

2093 (0.8)

1090 (0.6)

 

 Crude model

Ref

0.41 (0.37, 0.44)

0.28 (0.26, 0.31)

 < 0.001

 Model 1

Ref

0.61 (0.55, 0.68)

0.59 (0.52, 0.67)

 < 0.001

 Model 2

Ref

0.60 (0.54, 0.67)

0.59 (0.52, 0.67)

 < 0.001

 Model 3

Ref

0.61 (0.54, 0.68)

0.59 (0.52, 0.67)

 < 0.001

 Model 4

Ref

0.65 (0.58, 0.72)

0.64 (0.57, 0.73)

 < 0.001

Alzheimer’s disease

 Events (%)

412 (1.0)

1424 (0.5)

802 (0.4)

 

 Crude model

Ref

0.49 (0.44, 0.55)

0.37 (0.33, 0.42)

 < 0.001

 Model 1

Ref

0.64 (0.55, 0.73)

0.64 (0.55, 0.75)

 < 0.001

 Model 2

Ref

0.63 (0.54, 0.73)

0.64 (0.55, 0.76)

0.001

 Model 3

Ref

0.63 (0.55, 0.73)

0.64 (0.54, 0.75)

 < 0.001

 Model 4

Ref

0.67 (0.58, 0.78)

0.70 (0.60, 0.82)

0.005

Vascular dementia

 Events (%)

369 (0.9)

732 (0.3)

303 (0.2)

 

 Crude model

Ref

0.28 (0.25, 0.32)

0.16 (0.13, 0.18)

 < 0.001

 Model 1

Ref

0.54 (0.45, 0.64)

0.47 (0.38, 0.58)

 < 0.001

 Model 2

Ref

0.53 (0.44, 0.62)

0.47 (0.38, 0.58)

 < 0.001

 Model 3

Ref

0.53 (0.45, 0.63)

0.47 (0.38, 0.58)

 < 0.001

 Model 4

Ref

0.56 (0.48, 0.67)

0.51 (0.41, 0.62)

 < 0.001

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, ethnicities, BMI, socioeconomic deprivation, smoking and alcohol drinking status, education levels, physical activity, healthy diet scores, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, depression, diabetes, and dementia family history
  2. Model 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus APOE ε4 dosage
  3. Model 3 adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus dementia genetic risk scores
  4. Model 4 adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus grip strength