Outcome |  > = 35% increase PA T2 N = 35 |  < 35% increase  PA T2 N = 45 | Model A N = 80 |  |  | Model B N = 75 |  |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activity | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | B (95% CI) | P value | d | B (95% CI) | P value | d |
 Steps per day | ||||||||
  Baseline | 4877.68 (1146.94) | 4928.47 (1148.09) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 9204.67 (2303.47) | 5312.41 (1836.38) | 2002.22 (1515.78–2488.65) | .000 | 1.76 | 2079.88 (1560.74–2599.03) | .000 | 1.82 |
 Self-reported PA | ||||||||
  Baseline | 135.14 (70.88) | 101.93 (68.45) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 145.31 (81.18) | 111.51 (60.59) | 1.59 (− 15.08 to 18.25) | .85 | .02 | 2.70 (− 15.35 to 20.74) | .77 | .03 |
Physical fitness | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | B (95% CI) | P value | d | B (95% CI) | P value | Â |
 Aerobic capacity | ||||||||
  Baseline | 464.37 (75.46) | 430.78 (102.97) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 527.74 (96.52) | 456.61 (114.91) | 21.40 (1.51–41.29) | .04 | .23 | 24.59 (3.83–45.35) | .02 | .26 |
 Muscle strength | ||||||||
  Baseline | 0.04 (1.32) |  − 0.61 (2.11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 0.55 (1.36) |  − 0.23 (1.93) | 0.13 (− 0.07 to 0.34) | .20 | .07 | 0.18 (− 0.04 to 0.40) | .11 | .10 |
 Balance | ||||||||
  Baseline | 39.04 (2.86) | 37.38 (5.03) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 38.87 (3.37) | 38.88 (2.93) |  − 0.41 (− 1.08 to 0.26) | .23 | .10 |  − 0.45 (− 1.18 to 0.28) | .23 | .11 |
 Gait | ||||||||
  Baseline | 3.92 (0.85) | 4.44(1.36) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 3.67 (1.04) | 4.16 (0.88) |  − 0.27 (− 0.48 to − 0.05) | .02 | .23 |  − 0.29 (− 0.52 to − 0.10) | .02 | .24 |
Cognition | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | B (95% CI) | P value | d | B (95% CI) | P value | d |
 Global cognitiona | ||||||||
  Baseline | 1.03 (2.75) |  − 0.87 (3.04) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 2.91 (2.53) | 0.12 (3.66) | 0.52 (0.13–0.91) | .009 | .17 | 0.65 (0.23–1.04) | .002 | .21 |
 Executive functioninga | ||||||||
  Baseline | 0.71 (2.10) |  − 0.30 (2.51) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 1.73 (2.07) |  − 0.05 (2.58) | 0.59 (0.22–0.96) | .001 | .25 | 0.72 (0.33–1.11) | .000b | .30 |
 Learninga | ||||||||
  Baseline | 0.03 (1.56) | 1.01 (1.37) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months |  − 0.30 (1.55) | 0.24 (2.08) | 0.17 (− 0.13 to 0.48) | .27 | .11 | 0.17 (− 0.16 to 0.50) | .32 | .11 |
 Verbal memorya | ||||||||
  Baseline | 0.01 (1.02) |  − 0.35 (0.99) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 months | 0.75 (0.83) | 0.09 (1.00) | 0.21 (0.01–0.40) | .04 | .21 | 0.23 (0.02–0.44) | .03 | .23 |