Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved cognition and larger brain volumes in at-risk APOE4 women: results from the European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease (EPAD) cohort

Table 2 Cognitive outcomes scores (mean±SEM) according to HRT use and APOE4 genotype status

	Non-E4							E4							P_APOE	P_HRT	P_APOE*HRT
	No-HRT	n	HRT	n	Total	n	p-HRT	No-HRT	n	HRT	n	Total	n	p-HRT
MMSE total score	28.49 ±0.07	603	28.43 ±0.36	50	28.49 ±0.07	653	0.607	28.15 ±0.11	350	28.22 ±0.30	30	28.16 ±0.10	380	0.960	0.565	0.724	0.782
Dot counting score	16.60 ±0.22	389	17.05 ±1.06	32	16.62 ±0.22	421	0.726	16.24 ±0.30	235	17.44 ±0.71	21	16.32 ±0.29	256	0.848	0.953	0.942	0.710
RBANS scores
RBANS total scale	103.57 ±0.62	600	105.04 ±2.78	49	103.63 ±0.61	649	0.921	100.52 ±0.85	351	106.68 ±3.44	29	100.88 ±0.83	380	0.045	0.488	0.128	0.097
RBANS attention index	97.65 ±0.70	601	102.61 ±2.73	28	97.86 ±0.68	629	0.222	97.23 ±0.93	352	102.23 ±3.34	29	97.51 ±0.90	381	0.706	0.818	0.297	0.652
RBANS delayed memory index	102.09 ±0.59	602	102.07 ±2.46	28	102.09 ±0.58	630	0.757	98.29 ±0.85	352	108.37 ±2.79	29	98.85 ±0.81	381	0.002	0.695	0.027^a	0.009^a
RBANS immediate memory index	106.55 ±0.58	602	105.18 ±30	28	106.49 ±0.57	630	0.854	101.65 ±0.87	352	105.59 ±3.83	29	101.87 ±0.85	381	0.150	0.434	0.307	0.209
RBANS language index	100.10 ±0.47	602	100.79 ±2.61	28	100.13 ±0.47	630	0.752	99.30 ±0.69	353	101.50 ±2.84	29	99.42 ±0.67	382	0.303	0.399	0.536	0.311
RBANS visuo-constructional index	105.16 ±0.65	602	106.82 ±2.95	28	105.23 ±0.63	630	0.310	104.66 ±0.92	352	108.32 ±2.91	29	104.87 ±0.88	381	0.483	0.163	0.938	0.233
FMT total score	8.31 ±0.43	32	9.33 ±0.33	3	8.40 ±0.40	35	0.803	7.48 ±0.55	33	10.50 ±1.50	3	7.77 ±0.56	36	0.195	0.449	0.271	0.439
SMT total score	6.54 ±0.63	34	6.33 ±0.88	3	6.53 ±0.58	37	0.781	5.14 ±0.54	33	10.00 ±1.53	4	5.53 ±0.55	37	0.158	0.549	0.451	0.241

Mean ± SEM of cognitive test scores stratified according to APOE genotype and HRT use. Significant P values for APOE genotype, HRT, and APOE*HRT are shown, using the ANCOVA model (MANCOVA for RBANS scores). p-HRT within each APOE genotype is calculated using the pairwise comparison of the estimated marginal mean with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparison. Age, years of education, marital status, handedness, and CDR were used as covariates. HRT hormone replacement therapy, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, RBANS Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. FMT four mountain test, SMT supermarket trolley test. P-significant <0.05. ^a insignificant after FDR correction for multiple comparison. Bold: significant after FDR correction

ISSN: 1758-9193