White matter hyperintensities are a prominent feature of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease that emerge prior to dementia

Table 2 Associations of biomarkers with cognitive measures in PSEN1 mutation carriers

	MMSE total score				CERAD Word List Learning Composite
Model summary	Adjusted R-squared: 0.90 (p < 0.001)				Adjusted R-squared: 0.78 (p < 0.001)
	Std beta	95% CI		p-value	Std beta	95% CI		p-value
nWMH volume	− 1.01	− 1.28	− 0.74	< .001***	− 0.54	− 0.94	− 0.14	0.011*
Cortical amyloid (PET)	0.06	− 0.11	0.23	0.484	− 0.05	− 0.31	0.20	0.658
CSF ptau	− 0.09	− 0.25	0.07	0.273	− 0.18	− 0.42	0.07	0.148
Cortical thickness SPL	− 0.08	− 0.35	0.19	0.566	0.21	− 0.19	0.61	0.298
Education	0.09	− 0.05	0.23	0.214	0.24	0.03	0.44	0.027*

Std. beta Standardized beta coefficient, CI Confidence intervals, MMSE Mini-Mental State Exam, nWMH volume Normalized white matter hyperintensity volume, PET Positron emission tomography, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, ptau Phospho-tau, SPL Superior parietal lobe. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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