Groups | Aβ− NCs | Aβ+ NCs | aMCI | ADD |
|---|
N | 84 | 72 | 45 | 45 |
Age (years) | 65.3 ± 5.5 | 67.2 ± 6.6# | 69.6 ± 6.8** | 73.9 ± 8.8*** |
Male | 28 (33.3%) | 24 (33.3%)# | 21 (46.7%)# | 15 (33.3%)# |
Education | 12.3 ± 3.3 | 13.4 ± 3.2# | 11.0 ± 4.1# | 10.8 ± 4.5# |
MMSE (out of 30) | 28.6 ± 1.7 | 28.7 ± 1.7# | 24.1 ± 3.4*** | 17.3 ± 5.3*** |
MoCA-Basic (out of 30) | 25.7 ± 2.3 | 26.6 ± 2.4# | 20.1 ± 2.9*** | 11.6 ± 4.4*** |
AVLT-N5 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 7.7 ± 2.3# | 2.0 ± 1.6*** | 0.8 ± 1.2*** |
AVLT-N7 | 22.4 ± 1.6 | 22.6 ± 1.4# | 16.9 ± 2.1*** | 15.0 ± 2.9*** |
STT-A | 56.7 ± 16.4 | 55.9 ± 17.1# | NA | NA |
STT-B | 134.3 ± 38.4 | 131.3 ± 40.7# | NA | NA |
AFT | 18.4 ± 4.7 | 19.6 ± 5.0# | NA | NA |
BNT | 24.9 ± 3.3 | 25.8 ± 2.9# | NA | NA |
APOE ε4 carries | 23 (27.4%) | 32 (44.4%)# | 24 (53.3%)** | 31 (68.9%)*** |
AV45 SUVR | 1.096 ± 0.059 | 1.241 ± 0.060*** | 1.390 ± 0.085 (11Ava)*** | 1.419 ± 0.084 (12Ava)*** |
sMRI | 75Ava (89.3%) | 62Ava (86.1%) | 27Ava (60.0%) | 28Ava (62.2%) |
Hp/TIV ratio | 6.596 ± 1.944 | 6.304 ± 1.892# | 5.534 ± 2.444* | 4.066 ± 3.012*** |
Ent/TIV ratio | 4.226 ± 1.251 | 3.933 ± 1.206# | 3.479 ± 1.217* | 2.317 ± 0.834*** |
PCC/TIV ratio | 3.280 ± 1.840 | 3.456 ± 1.797# | 3.651 ± 1.730# | 4.320 ± 1.098# |
Pre/TIV ratio | 8.941 ± 4.337 | 9.340 ± 4.287# | 9.557 ± 4.316# | 11.337 ± 2.722# |
- Data were summarized as numbers (%) or as means ± standard deviations for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Some patients with aMCI and ADD were enrolled before the end of 2016; they did not undergo the STT, AFT, and BNT scales, and some patients could not cooperate with and/or understand these tests. Thus, the results of these two groups are not listed. Indicators of sMRI were presented as the ratio of the regional volume to the TIV, multiplied by a factor of 1000. Statistical analyses were conducted using the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Kruskal–Wallis H test for continuous variables (independent two-sample t-test for STT-A/B, AFT, and BNT), followed by multiple post hoc comparisons (adjusted p value). Compared with the Aβ− NCs: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; #> 0.05
- Abbreviations: Aβ β-amyloid, NCs cognitively normal controls, aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, ADD Alzheimer’s disease dementia, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA-B Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Version, AVLT auditory verbal learning test, N5 AVLT-delayed memory, N7 AVLT-recognition, STT shape trails test, AFT animal fluency test, BNT Boston naming test, APOE apolipoprotein E, AV45 [18F]florbetapir, SUVR standardized uptake value ratio, sMRI structural magnetic resonance imaging, TIV total intracranial volume, HP hippocampus, Ent entorhinal cortex, PCC posterior cingulate cortex, Pre precuneus, Ava available, NA not available
