Fig. 4

Elevated expression of SARS-CoV-2 host factors in human brain endothelial cells.

a UMAP visualization of the single-nuclei RNA-sequencing dataset from the prefrontal cortex region of Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 12) patients and healthy controls (CT, n = 9). b Expression of the entry factors and antiviral defense proteins in different cell types in AD and CT groups. c Network analyses of the antiviral defense genes that are differentially expressed in brain endothelial cells vs. other cell types. Node shape indicates the number of SARS-CoV-2 host factor datasets that contain the node. Edge colors indicate the protein-protein interaction source type. d Expression of the entry factors and antiviral defense proteins in individuals with different APOE genotypes (AD-E3/E3 n = 4, AD-E4/E4 n = 2, AD-E3/E4 n = 5, AD-E2/E4 n = 1, CT-E2/E3 n = 2, CT-E3/E3 n = 5, CT-E3/E4 n = 2). Excit neuron, excitatory neuron. Inhibit neuron, Inhibitory neuron