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Table 2 Comparison between Q1 and Q4 AD subjects

From: Does insulin resistance influence neurodegeneration in non-diabetic Alzheimer’s subjects?

 

Q1

N = 32

Q4

N = 32

Age, years

72.3 ± 5.6

71.5 ± 7.6

Gender, M/F

19/13

20/12

BMI, kg/m2

23.6 ± 3.7

27.4 ± 4.8 *

Plasma glucose, mmol/L

4.6 ± 0.5

5.2 ± 0.6 *

Plasma insulin, mIU/L

2.9 ± 0.8

17.5 ± 9.7 *

HbA1c, mmol/mol

36.9 ± 4.0

38.0 ± 5.4

HOMA2, mass units

0.37 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 1.1 *

HOMA2%β

58.5 ± 18.2

160.3 ± 99.4 *

HOMA2%S

295.9 ± 100.6

52.6 ± 16.6 *

Total serum cholesterol, mmol/L

5.1 ± 1.4

4.4 ± 0.9

LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

3.0 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 0.8 *

HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.9 ± 0.6

1.6 ± 0.7 *

Serum triglycerides, mmol/L

1.2 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.6 *

On statin treatment, %

40.6

53.1

On antihypertensive treatment, %

28.1

37.5

MMSE

23.8 ± 3.0

23.6 ± 2.7

CDR-SoB

3.6 ± 1.4

3.5 ± 1.5

ADAS-Cog

33.8 ± 12.0

32.5 ± 9.1

GDS

5.7 ± 4.2

5.4 ± 4.9

ADCS—ADL

68.7 ± 7.3

66.6 ± 8.8

COWAT average (total acceptable words)

10.8 ± 5.5 (29.8 ± 14.2)

9.6 ± 4.2 (29 ± 13.3)

Category fluency test (animals)

10.5 ± 5.0

10.8 ± 5.4

NPI

8.1 ± 9.1

11.2 ± 15.0

NPI—caregiver distress

4.3 ± 4.4

5.9 ± 9.1

On treatment with AchE-I, %

77.4

90.6

On treatment with antidepressants, %

25

21.9

Anterior cingulate rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.28 ± 0.03

0.27 ± 0.04

Posterior cingulate rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.30 ± 0.04

0.30 ± 0.05

Frontal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.31 ± 0.03

0.30 ± 0.05

Temporal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.23 ± 0.03

0.23 ± 0.03

Parietal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.26 ± 0.04

0.26 ± 0.04

Occipital lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.28 ± 0.04

0.27 ± 0.04

Medial temporal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.20 ± 0.02

0.19 ± 0.03 *

Hippocampal rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.21 ± 0.02

0.19 ± 0.03 *

Thalamus rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.25 ± 0.03

0.24 ± 0.05

Striatum rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min

0.31 ± 0.03

0.30 ± 0.06

Hippocampal volume, mm3

3183.0 ± 437.9

3038.9 ± 392.4

White matter lesions volume, ml

4.6 ± 4.6

6.1 ± 6.2

Total grey matter volume, mm3

563,626.3 ± 44,128.6

539,331.9 ± 44,547.8 *

  1. * p < .05 for Q1 vs Q4 on independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test