From: Does insulin resistance influence neurodegeneration in non-diabetic Alzheimer’s subjects?
Q1 N = 32 | Q4 N = 32 | |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 72.3 ± 5.6 | 71.5 ± 7.6 |
Gender, M/F | 19/13 | 20/12 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 3.7 | 27.4 ± 4.8 * |
Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.6 * |
Plasma insulin, mIU/L | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 17.5 ± 9.7 * |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 36.9 ± 4.0 | 38.0 ± 5.4 |
HOMA2, mass units | 0.37 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 1.1 * |
HOMA2%β | 58.5 ± 18.2 | 160.3 ± 99.4 * |
HOMA2%S | 295.9 ± 100.6 | 52.6 ± 16.6 * |
Total serum cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 0.9 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 0.8 * |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.7 * |
Serum triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.6 * |
On statin treatment, % | 40.6 | 53.1 |
On antihypertensive treatment, % | 28.1 | 37.5 |
MMSE | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 23.6 ± 2.7 |
CDR-SoB | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 1.5 |
ADAS-Cog | 33.8 ± 12.0 | 32.5 ± 9.1 |
GDS | 5.7 ± 4.2 | 5.4 ± 4.9 |
ADCS—ADL | 68.7 ± 7.3 | 66.6 ± 8.8 |
COWAT average (total acceptable words) | 10.8 ± 5.5 (29.8 ± 14.2) | 9.6 ± 4.2 (29 ± 13.3) |
Category fluency test (animals) | 10.5 ± 5.0 | 10.8 ± 5.4 |
NPI | 8.1 ± 9.1 | 11.2 ± 15.0 |
NPI—caregiver distress | 4.3 ± 4.4 | 5.9 ± 9.1 |
On treatment with AchE-I, % | 77.4 | 90.6 |
On treatment with antidepressants, % | 25 | 21.9 |
Anterior cingulate rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.04 |
Posterior cingulate rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.05 |
Frontal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.05 |
Temporal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.03 |
Parietal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 |
Occipital lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.04 |
Medial temporal lobe rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.03 * |
Hippocampal rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.03 * |
Thalamus rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.05 |
Striatum rCMRGlc, μmol/g/min | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.06 |
Hippocampal volume, mm3 | 3183.0 ± 437.9 | 3038.9 ± 392.4 |
White matter lesions volume, ml | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 6.1 ± 6.2 |
Total grey matter volume, mm3 | 563,626.3 ± 44,128.6 | 539,331.9 ± 44,547.8 * |