Genetically determined blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study

Table 1 Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests of instrument effects

Exposure	N SNPs	Heterogeneity analysis				Pleiotropy analysis
		Method	Q	Degree of freedom	P	Egger intercept	SE	P
CCB	45	MR Egger	26.07	43	0.981	− 2.19 × 10⁻³	0.009	0.806
		IVW	26.13	44	0.985
Thiazides	5	MR Egger	2.55	3	0.466	− 4.42 × 10⁻²	0.041	0.350
		IVW	3.77	4	0.438
AHMs	52	MR Egger	31.73	50	0.980	− 4.54 × 10⁻³	0.009	0.586
		IVW	32.03	51	0.983
SBP	400	MR Egger	635.41	398	3.506 × 10⁻¹³	2.27 × 10⁻⁴	0.003	0.935
		IVW	635.42	399	4.441 × 10⁻¹³
DBP	398	MR Egger	524.27	396	1.557 × 10⁻⁵	3.25 × 10⁻³	0.002	0.182
		IVW	526.63	397	1.330 × 10⁻⁵
PP	343	MR Egger	699.38	341	6.704 × 10⁻²⁷	4.24 × 10⁻⁴	0.003	0.897
		IVW	699.41	342	9.550 × 10⁻²⁷

Abbreviations: MR Mendelian randomization, IVW inverse variance weighted, CCB calcium channel blocker, AHMs antihypertensive medications, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, PP pulse pressure, SE standard error

ISSN: 1758-9193