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Table 4 Relationships between WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test performance and ACE-I vs. ARB use over time (n = 1544)

From: The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs. angiotensin receptor blockers and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: the importance of blood-brain barrier penetration and APOE ε4 carrier status

 

Overall

APOE ε4 non-carriers

APOE ε4 carriers

β [95% CI]

t

df

p value

β [95% CI]

t

df

p value

β [95% CI]

t

df

p value

ARBs vs. ACE-Is

0.050[0.001, 0.099]

1.98

533.5

0.0483

0.085[0.012, 0.158]

2.28

533.9

0.0230

0.0471[− 0.012, 0.106]

1.56

558.9

0.1186

C-ARBs vs. NC-ACE-Is

0.044[− 0.012, 0.101]

1.54

586.1

0.1252

0.106[0.026, 0.185]

2.60

647.9

0.0095

0.020 [− 0.051, 0.091]

0.55

574.0

0.5852

C-ACE-Is vs. NC-ACE-Is

0.012[− 0.061, 0.086]

0.33

562.0

0.7388

0.055[− 0.050, 0.161]

1.03

708.9

0.3035

− 0.023[− 0.115, 0.069]

− 0.49

487.1

0.6224

NC-ARBs vs. NC-ACE-Is

0.043[− 0.016, 0.102]

1.42

600.3

0.1560

0.074[− 0.009, 0.158]

1.74

694.8

0.0816

0.024[− 0.049, 0.098]

0.65

523.3

0.5177

C-ARBs vs. NC-ARBs

0.005[− 0.046, 0.055]

0.18

609.9

0.8567

0.037[− 0.030, 0.104]

1.08

994.6

0.2822

− 0.003[− 0.062, 0.056]

− 0.09

851.0

0.9292

C-ARBs vs. C-ACE-Is

0.036[− 0.010, 0.082]

1.53

853.1

0.1250

0.070[0.003, 0.136]

2.06

606.4

0.0400

0.035[− 0.020, 0.090]

1.24

678.5

0.2147

  1. Three-way APOE × ARB vs. ACE-I × Time interaction: β = 0.025 [− 0.037, 0.088], t = 0.79, p = 0.4309
  2. C-ARB: BBB-crossing ARB; C-ACE-I: BBB-crossing ACE-I; NC-ARB: Non-BBB-crossing ARB; NC-ACE-I: Non-BBB-crossing ACE-I