Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 139 participants who provided CSF, according to the AD clinical spectrum

Age, median (95% CI), y

63.0 (58–67)

66.5 (63–69)

72.0 (66–76) ^a,b

71 (67–79) ^a,b

Education, median (95% CI), y

12 (9–16)

6 (6–9) ^a

10 (6–12)

6 (6–9) ^a,c

Gender (M:F)

10: 19

29:29

21:8

6:17

MMSE, median (95% CI)

29 (28–29)

26 (25–27) ^a

24 (21–26) ^a

16 (15–19) ^a,b,c

SMCQ, median (95% CI)

1 (1–2)

5 (4–6) ^a

5 (3–7) ^a

8 (5–12) ^a,b

SBT, median (95% CI)

0 (0–2)

4 (2–4) ^a

7 (4–11) ^a

18 (17–22) ^a,b,c

CERAD, mean Z, median (95% CI)

0.48 (0.42–0.61)

0.14 (0.01–0.23)

−0.81 (− 1.13 – − 0.33) ^a,b

−1.65 (− 2.02 – − 0.94) ^a,b

BDS-ADL, median (95% CI)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0.5) ^a

0 (0–1) ^a

2.5 (1–4.5) ^a,b,c

ESS, median (95% CI)

5 (4–7)

4 (4–5)

3 (1–4)

2 (1–5)

CDR 0:0.5:1

29:0:0

58:0:0

0:29:0

0:8:15

CDR-SB, median (95% CI)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.5 (0.5–1.0) ^a,b

5 (3.5–6.0) ^a,b

GDS, median (95% CI)

5 (3–8)

8 (7–12) ^a

9 (5–15)

12 (7–20) ^a

Aβ PET(+), % (−:+)

7.1 (26:2)

21.1 (41:11)

37.0 (17:10)

76.2 (5:16)

ApoE ε4 carrier, % (−:+)

17.2 (24:5)

20.7 (46:12)

20.7 (23:6)

56.5 (10:13)