Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 1412 participants stratified by GFRcrcys tertiles
From: Kidney function and dementia risk in community-dwelling older adults: the Shanghai Aging Study
Characteristics | Total N = 1412 | GFRcrcys < 67 N = 454 | 67 = <GFRcrcys < 80 N = 465 | GFRcrcys > =80 N = 493 | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 70.69 ± 6.85 | 73.49 ± 6.95 | 70.79 ± 6.68 | 68.01 ± 5.78 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 659 (46.67%) | 224 (49.34%) | 216 (46.45%) | 219 (44.42%) | 0.13 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.83 ± 3.45 | 24.95 ± 3.39 | 24.68 ± 3.31 | 24.86 ± 3.63 | 0.35 |
Education years | 11.99 ± 3.97 | 11.91 ± 4.36 | 11.90 ± 4.01 | 12.16 ± 3.54 | 0.86 |
Smoking (%) | 144 (10.20%) | 50 (11.01%) | 52 (11.18%) | 42 (8.52%) | 0.20 |
Comorbidities (%) | |||||
 Diabetes | 197 (13.95%) | 54 (11.89%) | 62 (13.33%) | 81 (16.43%) | 0.04 |
 Hypertension | 748 (52.97%) | 267 (58.81%) | 229 (49.25%) | 252 (78.71%) | 0.02 |
 Stroke | 180 (12.75%) | 72 (15.86%) | 59 (12.69%) | 49 (9.94%) | 0.006 |
 Depression | 31 (2.20%) | 11 (2.42%) | 11 (2.37%) | 9 (1.83%) | 0.53 |
MMSE score | 28.35 ± 1.88 | 28.02 ± 2.27 | 28.37 ± 1.75 | 28.64 ± 1.52 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 145.67 ± 22.29 | 147.00 ± 22.51 | 145.26 ± 22.29 | 144.81 ± 22.07 | 0.13 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.81 ± 11.42 | 76.85 ± 11.45 | 77.78 ± 11.40 | 78.71 ± 11.37 | 0.04 |
GFRcrcys (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 73.79 ± 15.63 | 56.20 ± 8.62 | 73.52 ± 3.63 | 90.26 ± 7.89 | < 0.001 |
GFRcys (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 71.13 ± 17.62 | 53.18 ± 10.02 | 69.64 ± 7.45 | 89.06 ± 11.14 | < 0.001 |
GFRcr (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 76.34 ± 14.68 | 60.73 ± 10.70 | 77.96 ± 7.73 | 89.18 ± 7.97 | < 0.001 |
Proteinuria positive (%) | 37 (2.63%) | 15 (3.32%) | 9 (1.94%) | 13 (2.64%) | 0.54 |
APOE-e4 allele positive (%) | 233 (16.50%) | 74 (16.30%) | 78 (16.77%) | 81 (16.43%) | 0.96 |
Laboratory variables | |||||
 Cystatin C (mg/l) | 1.05 ± 0.23 | 1.28 ± 0.22 | 1.03 ± 0.09 | 0.85 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
 Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.90 ± 0.23 | 1.09 ± 0.24 | 0.87 ± 0.14 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | < 0.001 |
 Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.81 ± 1.44 | 6.55 ± 1.56 | 5.67 ± 1.23 | 5.26 ± 1.19 | < 0.001 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 156.56 ± 102.45 | 155.84 ± 79.50 | 146.51 ± 81.38 | 166.71 ± 133.56 | 0.42 |
 Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 208.55 ± 40.67 | 208.21 ± 41.20 | 208.86 ± 40.80 | 208.59 ± 40.13 | 0.92 |
 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) | 129.43 ± 35.36 | 128.93 ± 35.72 | 131.09 ± 34.70 | 128.32 ± 35.66 | 0.62 |
 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) | 51.52 ± 13.03 | 50.56 ± 12.69 | 52.35 ± 13.21 | 51.63 ± 13.14 | 0.30 |
Follow-up MMSE score | 26.91 ± 3.80 | 25.98 ± 4.91 | 27.05 ± 3.24 | 27.63 ± 2.83 | < 0.001 |
Incident rate of dementia, cases per 100 person years (95% CI) | 1.51 (1.26–1.82) | 2.57 (2.00–3.31) | 1.50 (1.09–2.08) | 0.56 (0.34–0.94) | < 0.001 |