Table 4 Repurposed agents currently in Phase I in the Alzheimer’s disease development pipeline (as of February 27, 2020)
From: Repurposed agents in the Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline
Agent name | Phase | Agent mechanism class | Therapeutic purpose under study | Drug class | FDA-approved indication(s) | Therapeutic field | ClinicalTrials.gov ID(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allopregnanolone (Brexanolone) | I | Neuroprotective, metabolic | Enhanced neurogenesis slow hippocampal atrophy; improve synaptic connectivity (DMT) | GABA-A receptor modulator; neuroactive steroid (antidepressant) | Postpartum depression | Psychiatric | NCT03748303 |
BDPP (Bioactive Dietary Polyphenol Preparation) | I | Neuroprotective | Prevents amyloid and tau aggregation (DMT) | Polyphenol | Dietary supplement | Nutraceutical | NCT02502253 |
Dabigatran | I | Neuroprotective | Reduce neurovascular damage (DMT) | Anticoagulant | Reduce risk of stroke; embolism associated with atrial fibrillation, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism | Hematologic-oncologic | NCT03752294 |
Efavirenz | I | Anti-amyloid | Increase cholesterol removal and enhance amyloid reduction (DMT) | Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor | HIV/AIDS | Infectious disease | NCT03706885 |
Escitalopram | I | Neurotransmitter-based | Increase neurotransmission (cognitive enhancer) | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | Major depressive disorder; generalized anxiety disorder | Psychiatric | NCT03274817 |
Empagliflozin | I | Metabolic | Increase ketone levels in the brain; improve neuronal health and delay onset and progression of cognitive impairment (DMT) | Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor | Adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes | Antidiabetic | NCT03852901 |
Salsalate | I | Anti-inflammatory | Reduce neuronal injury (DMT) | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | Rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis | Anti-inflammatory | NCT03277573 |
Telmisartan | I | Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory | Improve vascular functioning and effects on amyloid pathology (DMT) | Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker | Hypertension; diabetic neuropathy; risk reduction of stroke | Cardiovascular | NCT02471833 |
Venlafaxine | I | Neurotransmitter-based | Increase neurotransmission (cognitive enhancer) | Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | Major depressive disorder; general anxiety disorder; seasonal affective disorder; panic disorder | Psychiatric | NCT03274817 |
Vorinostat | I | Neuroprotective | Multiple cellular processes including tau aggregation and amyloid deposition (DMT) | Histone deacetylase inhibitor (anticancer) | Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma | Hematologic-oncologic | NCT03056495 |