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Table 2 Descriptive variables and impact of each factor on dementia incidence across 8 years, based on univariable models, with death as a competing event

From: Estimating the potential for dementia prevention through modifiable risk factors elimination in the real-world setting: a population-based study

Risk factors

Without dementia

Incident dementia

χ2 test

Death (competing event)

Dementia

N = 989

N = 111

P value

SHR (95% CI)

P value

SHR (95% CI)

P value

Non-modifiable

 Age (class 1935–37)

522 (52.7)

69 (62.2)

0.060

1.21 (0.82–1.78)

0.332

1.20 (0.82–1.78)

0.347

 Sex (female)

534 (54.0)

55 (49.5)

0.373

0.76 (0.53–1.11)

0.156

0.82 (0.56–1.19)

0.287

 APOE ε4

166 (16.8)

34 (30.6)

< 0.001

0.92 (0.47–12.16)

0.742

2.00 (1.34–3.01)

0.001

Modifiable

 Low education

548 (55.4)

69 (62.2)

0.174

1.15 (0.79–1.68)

0.459

1.38 (0.94–2.03)

0.103

 Obesity

259 (27.3)

29 (27.9)

0.908

0.68 (0.42–1.09)

0.107

1.08 (0.70–1.66)

0.716

 Hypertension

685 (69.4)

81 (73.6)

0.359

1.08 (0.72–1.63)

0.697

1.27 (0.83–1.94)

0.270

 Diabetes

198 (20.2)

31 (28.2)

0.053

1.30 (0.84–12.96)

0.200

1.55 (1.02–2.36)

0.042

 Depression

51 (5.2)

5 (4.5)

0.767

2.11 (1.07–4.16)

0.032

0.99 (0.40–2.45)

0.984

 Smoking

86 (8.7)

11 (9.9)

0.669

2.04 (1.24–3.37)

0.005

1.12 (0.60–2.09)

0.715

 Physical inactivity

462 (46.8)

60 (54.1)

0.145

1.27 (0.88–1.84)

0.203

1.42 (0.98–2.06)

0.064

 Hearing loss

123 (12.5)

16 (14.5)

0.539

1.07 (0.62–1.83)

0.803

1.20 (0.71–2.02)

0.493

 Loneliness

117 (11.9)

10 (9.1)

0.388

1.31 (0.77–2.21)

0.316

0.82 (0.42–1.59)

0.562

 Heart disease

255 (25.8)

42 (37.8)

0.007

1.29 (0.87–1.91)

0.206

1.61 (1.09–2.37)

0.016

 Stroke

64 (6.5)

20 (18.2)

< 0.001

2.05 (1.18–3.55)

0.011

2.69 (1.67–4.35)

< 0.001

 Head injury

77 (7.8)

7 (6.3)

0.576

1.12 (0.55–2.24)

0.757

0.84 (0.39–1.80)

0.649

 Delirium

5 (0.5)

7 (6.4)

< 0.001

1.52 (0.37–6.28)

0.562

8.52 (3.62–20.05)

< 0.001

  1. Values represent counts (percentage)
  2. SHR sub-hazard ratio