Table 1 Effect of exercise under exposure to the 40-Hz light flickering on spatial learning and memory and long-term memory

45.00 ± 3.76

24.20 ± 4.54

29.00 ± 3.71

17.07 ± 4.06

13.73 ± 2.54

33.57 ± 1.97

203.60 ± 23.73

60.00 ± 0.0*

57.67 ± 1.17*

52.75 ± 3.71*

43.25 ± 3.88*

34.92 ± 5.78*

16.93 ± 2.31*

54.40 ± 16.90*

51.93 ± 4.33

42.67 ± 4.40*

29.53 ± 5.34^#

17.40 ± 3.37^#

14.53 ± 3.63^#

29.10 ± 1.42*^#

161.20 ± 10.95*^#

58.00 ± 2.05

54.05 ± 2.05*

31.08 ± 4.58^#

19.08 ± 3.06^#

15.50 ± 1.32^#

31.08 ± 3.66*^#

168.40 ± 24.86*^#

52.56 ± 3.22

39.94 ± 4.87*

22.11 ± 3.48^#

13.17 ± 3.38^#

10.83 ± 2.22^#

43.01 ± 2.05*^#+

250.83 ± 28.29*^#+