Gray matter volume (VBM) analyses (n = 366) | White matter DWI (TBSS) analyses (n = 334) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls | Insomnia | p | Controls | Insomnia | p | |
Sample size, no. (%) | 229 | 137 | – | 215 | 119 | – |
Age, years (SD) | 56.7 (7.4) | 56.7 (7.0) | .917 | 56.8 (7.6) | 56.8 (6.9) | .962 |
Female, no. (%) | 117 (51.1) | 87 (63.5) | .021 | 111 (51.6) | 76 (63.6) | .036 |
Education, years (SD) | 13.9 (3.6) | 13.7 (3.6) | .567 | 13.9 (3.6) | 13.7 (3.6) | .648 |
APOE-ε4 allele status, no. (%) | ||||||
Non-carriers | 118 (51.5) | 69 (50.4) | .391 | 108 (50.2) | 62 (51.7) | .108 |
Heterozygotes | 78 (34.1) | 54 (39.4) | 74 (34.4) | 48 (40.7) | ||
Homozygotes | 33 (14.4) | 14 (10.2) | 33 (15.4) | 10 (7.6) | ||
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.9 (4.3) | 26.5 (3.8) | .353 | 26.8 (4.3) | 26.5 (3.8) | .639 |
GADS (SD) | 0.4 (0.98) | 0.96 (1.7) | < .001 | 0.41 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.7) | < .001 |
Hypertension, no. (%) | 51 (22.3) | 27 (19.7) | .562 | 44 (20.5) | 23 (19.5) | .832 |
Dyslipidemia, no. (%) | 64 (28.0) | 42 (30.1) | .580 | 58 (27.0) | 38 (32.2) | .314 |
Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 7 (3.1) | 3 (2.2) | .622 | 6 (2.8) | 3 (2.5) | 0.894 |
Physically active, no. (%) | 141 (61.6) | 95 (69.3) | .133 | 130 (60.5) | 82 (69.5) | .101 |
Sleep duration, hours (SD) | 7.2 (0.70) | 6.7 (0.93) | < .001 | 7.2 (0.7) | 6.7 (0.9) | < .001 |
Total intracranial volume (SD) | 1520.4 (139.5) | 1471.3 (156.7) | .002 | 1517.8 (136.5) | 1474.0 (158.2) | 0.009 |