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Fig. 1 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Targeting soluble tumor necrosis factor as a potential intervention to lower risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes

Fig. 1

Plasma metabolic profile associated with HFHC diet consumption and solTNF neutralization with XPro1595. a Graphic representation of the study timeline. Diet—chow (4% kcal + water) or HFHC (high fat 42% kcal fat + 30% fructose w/v). Injections—subcutaneous injections every third day. Behavior—sociability, open field, and marble burying. At 14 weeks, mice were euthanized, and tissues were harvested (n = 12–13/group). b Mummichog pathway enrichment of HFHC differentially expressed m/z features included pathways related to amino acid metabolism, fatty acid and lipid pathways, oxidative stress, and pentose/glucuronate and proteoglycan metabolism. c Untargeted high-resolution metabolomics was used to identify plasma metabolic changes associated with HFHC diet, solTNF neutralization, and the interaction between the two. The majority of m/z features identified using two-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis were differentially expressed in association with the HFHC diet. Associations with solTNF neutralization and the interaction between diet and solTNF were also detected. Venn diagram quantities represent the number of mass spectral features with FDR < 5% prior to the metabolite annotation, n = 7–13 animals/group

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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193