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Table 1 Characteristics of the intervention and control groups (participants with baseline MRI measurements)

From: Brain volumes and cortical thickness on MRI in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER)

Characteristics at baseline

Total, n

Intervention, n = 68

Control, n = 64

p

Demographic characteristics

 Age at the baseline visit (years)

132

70.3

69.8

0.50

 Sex (women, %)

132

29 (42.6)

33 (51.5)

0.30

 Education (years)

132

9.3 (2.9)

9.2 (2.6)

0.87

Baseline vascular factors

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129

139.6 (15.9)

139.0 (14.7)

0.83

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129

79.4 (8.9)

78.6 (8.9)

0.61

 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)

132

6.1 (0.77)

6.1 (1.03)

0.94

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

129

27.9 (3.7)

26.9 (3.4)

0.12

 History of hypertension (%)

128

46 (69.7)

36 (58.1)

0.17

 History of diabetes (%)

128

7 (10.6)

8 (12.9)

0.68

Baseline lifestyle factors

 Physical activity 2 or more times/week (%)

128

50 (73.5)

48 (80.0)

0.38

 Current smokers (%)

130

1 (1.49)

4 (6.3)

0.15

 Alcohol drinking at least once/week (%)

131

31 (45.5)

30 (47.6)

0.81

 Fish intake at least twice/week (%)

130

42 (61.8)

33 (53.2)

0.32

 Daily intake of vegetables (%)

132

47 (69.1)

41 (64.0)

0.53

*Baseline MRI measures

 Total hippocampal volume, ml

132

7.4 (4.8–9.3)

7.2 (4.7–8.7)

0.18

 Total intracranial volume, ml

132

1572.9 (1108.5–2032.7)

1545.4 (957.9–1955.9)

0.42

 AD signature cortical thickness, mm

132

2.8 (2.4–3.1)

2.7 (2.4–3.1)

0.61

 Total GM volume, ml

132

563.3 (450.7–669.7)

559.1 (420.7–695.8)

0.62

 WML volume, ml

118

10.9 (12.5)

10.9 (14.3)

0.97

Cognitive measures

 Baseline

  NTB total score

132

− 0.12 (0.49)

− 0.009 (0.54)

0.22

  Executive functioning

132

− 0.02 (0.55)

− 0.05 (0.60)

0.75

  Processing speed

132

− 0.15 (0.80)

0.07 (0.75)

0.10

  Memory

132

− 0.18 (0.58)

− 0.01 (0.60)

0.09

 1 year follow-up

  NTB total score

130

0.04 (0.61)

0.05 (0.58)

0.95

  Executive functioning

129

0.05 (0.61)

− 0.05 (0.68)

0.33

  Processing speed

130

− 0.04 (0.86)

0.07 (0.76)

0.39

  Memory

130

0.09 (0.76)

0.11 (0.68)

0.87

 2 year follow-up

  NTB total score

122

0.09 (0.67)

0.09 (0.66)

0.98

  Executive functioning

122

0.08 (0.65)

− 0.006 (0.70)

0.47

  Processing speed

122

− 0.014 (0.94)

0.05 (0.85)

0.67

  Memory

122

0.17 (0.77)

0.19 (0.78)

0.88

  1. Values are means (SD) unless otherwise specified. Differences between the intervention and control groups were analyzed with chi-square and t tests as appropriate. Scores on the NTB total score, executive functioning, processing speed, memory, and abbreviated memory are mean values of Z scores of the cognitive tests included in each cognitive outcome. Higher scores indicate better performance. AD signature cortical thickness: cortical thickness in AD signature regions calculated as the average of cortical thickness in entorhinal, inferior temporal, middle temporal and fusiform regions as previously described [38]
  2. GM gray matter, WML white matter lesions, NTB neuropsychological test battery
  3. *MRI values are mean (minimum–maximum). MRI measures are based on longitudinal FreeSurfer analyses