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Table 2 Outcome measures

From: Early recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms to improve quality of life in early Alzheimer’s disease: protocol of the BEAT-IT study

Outcome

Measure

Purpose

Respondent

Time of assessment

Demographic characteristics

For example, age, education, sex, ethnicity, relation to caregiver

Descriptive, covariate, moderator

Patient and caregiver

T0

Clinical characteristics

For example, diagnosis, AD biomarkers, disease duration

Descriptive, moderator

Patient and caregiver

T0*

 Disease severity

CDR [57]

Descriptive, moderator

Patient

T0*, T2

 Cognitive status

MMSE [58]

Descriptive, moderator

Patient

T0*, T2

 Cognitive functioning

Standardized cognitive test battery [43]: RAVLT [59], VAT [60], DS [61], VF [62], LDST [63], SCWT [64], TMT [65]

Descriptive, moderator

Patient

T0*

 Functional abilities

A-IADL-Q [66]

Descriptive, moderator

Caregiver

T0, T2

 Psychotropic medications

Brown bag review [20]

Descriptive, secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

 Comorbidities

CIRS-G [50]

Descriptive

Patient

T0, T2

Quality of life patient

QoL-AD [67]

Primary outcome

Patient and caregiver

T0, T1, T2

Quality of life caregiver

CarerQol-7D [53]

Primary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

Caregiver burden

Perseverance time [68]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

Caregiver competence managing NPS

Additional NPI-Q item [69]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

Cost-effectiveness

EQ-5D-5 L [70], ICECAP-O [71]

iMTA iVICQ [72], iMTA MCQ [73]

Secondary outcome

Patient

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

NPS prevalence, severity, and distress

NPI-Q [44]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0*, T1, T2

If NPI-Q frequency score ≥ 1 on:

 “Agitation,” “motor disturbances,” “irritability,” “disinhibition”

Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory [74]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

 “Apathy”

Apathy Evaluation Scale-I [75]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

 “Depression,” “anxiety,” “elation”

CSDD [76], RAID [77]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

 “Hallucinations,” “delusions”

BEHAVE-AD subscales psychosis, delusions [78]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

 “Nighttime behaviors”

Sleep Disorder Inventory [79]

Secondary outcome

Caregiver

T0, T1, T2

  1. AD Alzheimer’s disease, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, VAT Visual Association Test, DS Digit Span, VF Verbal Fluency (animals), LDST Letter Digit Substitution Test, SCWT Stroop Color Word Test, TMT Trail Making Test, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, A-IADL-Q Amsterdam Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Questionnaire, CIRS-G Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics, QoL-AD Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease, iMTA iVIQ iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire, iMTA MCQ iMTA Medical Costs Questionnaire, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, CSDD Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, RAID Rating Anxiety In Dementia, BEHAVE-AD Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale
  2. *Will be carried out during the diagnostic procedure at local hospitals