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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the whole study sample

From: Prevalence of abnormal Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in patients with subjective cognitive decline: cross-sectional comparison of three European memory clinic samples

Characteristic

Whole sample (n = 136)

DELCODE (n = 42)

IDIBAPS (n = 44)

ADC(n = 50)

Between center differences (ANOVA/χ2)

F/χ2(df = 3)

p value

Age, years

66.5 ± 7.0

71.2 ± 4.8

66.2 ± 7.2

62.9 ± 6.1

21.0

< 0.001

Education, years

12.5 ± 4.2

14.9 ± 3.4

10.3 ± 4.6

12.4 ± 3.2

15.6

< 0.001

Sex, female (%)

51.5

42.9

79.5

34.0

21.2

< 0.001

MMSE total score

28.4 ± 1.5

29.0 ± 1.0

28.0 ± 1.7

28.1 ± 1.6

6.8

0.002

FAQ scorea

–

0.80 ± 1.10

1.05 ± 1.75

–

–

–

DAD scoreb

–

–

–

96.70 ± 5.70

–

–

Subtle IADL deficitsc (%)

45.4

46.3

47.6

42.9

0.148

0.929

Evidence of depressive symptomsd (%)

8.80

0.0

17.9

10.9

7.6

0.022

Verbal Delayed Recall, z-score

−0.04 ± 1.11

0.33 ± 1.00

0.11 ± 0.98

−0.49 ± 1.17

7.5

0.001

Recognition/Cued Recall, z-score

0.27 ± 0.90

0.49 ± 0.57

0.35 ± 1.01

0.00 ± 0.96

3.8

0.025

Verbal Fluency Animals, z-score

0.00 ± 0.91

0.31 ± 0.96

0.06 ± 0.73

−0.31 ± 0.92

5.6

0.005

Verbal Fluency Lettersb, z-score

–

–

–

0.36 ± 1.12

–

–

Boston Naming a, z-score

–

0.63 ± 0.65

0.30 ± 0.83

–

–

–

TMT-A, z-score

−0.09 ± 1.04

0.30 ± 1.20

0.02 ± 0.97

−0.50 ± 0.81

7.7

0.001

TMT-B, z-score

−0.15 ± 1.00

0.36 ± 1.09

−0.40 ± 1.01

−0.39 ± 0.72

9.3

< 0.001

Evidence of subtle cognitive declinee (%)

22.8

14.3

9.1

42.0

16.9

0.001

Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers (%)

35.6

28.2

32.6

44.0

2.6

0.267

Aβ42, pg/ml

860.8 ± 298.1

740.0 ± 216.8

741.0 ± 236.2

1067.8 ± 295.9

7,8

< 0.001

Aβ42 < 813 pg/ml (%)

46.3

64.3

56.8

22.0

19.3

< 0.001

t-tau, pg/ml

352.5 ± 280.8

322.4 ± 193.4

378.5 ± 314.6

354.9 ± 312.6

0.428

0.653

t-tau > 470 pg/ml (%)

25.7

31.0

29.5

18.0

2.5

0.287

ptau181, pg/ml

55.5 ± 28.7

51.9 ± 22.4

59.2 ± 34.2

55.4 ± 28.4

0.684

0.506

ptau181 > 57 pg/ml (%)

40.4

35.7

45.5

40.0

0.853

0.653

Aβ42 and ptau181 abnormal (%)

16.2

21.4

20.5

8.0

3.9

0.141

  1. Table shows sample description for the whole study sample and each center’s subsample of SCD participants
  2. Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated
  3. Significant p values are indicated in bold typeface
  4. Z-scores for neuropsychological variables represent age-, sex-, and education-adjusted normative values after applying center-specific norms in all study sites (see Methods section for further details)
  5. Aβ amyloid beta, ADC Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, ANOVA analysis of variance, DAD Disability Assessment for Dementia, DELCODE German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) multicenter Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study, FAQ Functional Activities Questionnaire, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, IDIBAPS l’Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Hospital Clinic Barcelona, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ptau181 tau phosphorylated at position 181, TMT Trail-Making Test, t-tau total tau
  6. a Assessed only in DELCODE and IDIBAPS
  7. b Assessed only in ADC
  8. c Subtle IADL deficits defined as mildly imperfect performance, i.e., a score ≥ 1 on the FAQ, or a score < 100 on the DAD, respectively
  9. d Evidence of depressive symptoms defined as a depression score above the cutoff of the applied scale (DELCODE and ADC, GDS > 5; IDIBAPS, HADS > 7)
  10. e Evidence of subtle cognitive decline operationalized according to criteria proposed by Edmonds and colleagues (see [23] and Methods section): impaired score of >1 SD below normative mean (i.e., z-score < −1) on two measures in different cognitive domains
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193