| |
Model 1 (Direct)
|
Model 2 (Age-corrected)
|
Model 3 (Hypertension-corrected)
|
|---|
|
Effect size (95% CI)
|
p
|
Effect size (95% CI)
|
p
|
Effect size (95% CI)
|
p
|
|---|
|
CAIDE-I
|
0.11 (0.03 to 0.19)
|
0.017
|
0.01 (−0.07 to 0.09)
|
0.423
|
0.01 (−0.08 to 0.09)
|
0.444
|
|
Age
|
0.22 (0.13 to 0.29)
|
< 0.001
|
–
|
–
|
0.18 (0.09 to 0.26)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.14 (0.05 to 0.22)
|
< 0.001
|
0.09 (0.00 to 0.17)
|
0.017
|
–
|
–
|
|
Hypercholesterolemia
|
0.09 (0.00 to 0.17)
|
0.042
|
0.05 (−0.04 to 0.14)
|
0.207
|
0.07 (−0.02 to 0.15)
|
0.051
|
|
BMI
|
0.08 (−0.00 to 0.16)
|
0.053
|
0.06 (−0.02 to 0.14)
|
0.207
|
0.03 (−0.05 to 0.11)
|
0.249
|
|
Sex (Men)
|
−0.01 (−0.09 to 0.08)
|
0.411
|
−0.01 (−0.10 to 0.07)
|
0.423
|
−0.03 (−0.11 to 0.05)
|
0.246
|
|
Education
|
−0.04 (−0.13 to 0.04)
|
0.192
|
−0.01 (−0.09 to 0.08)
|
0.423
|
−0.02 (−0.11 to 0.06)
|
0.313
|
|
Physical exercise
|
−0.04 (−0.13 to 0.04)
|
0.192
|
−0.05 (−0.14 to 0.03)
|
0.207
|
−0.02 (−0.10 to 0.07)
|
0.352
|
|
Maternal family history of AD*
|
0.12 (−0.02 to 0.17)
|
0.077
|
0.12 (0.03 to 0.21)
|
0.024
|
0.08 (−0.01 to 0.18)
|
0.040
|
|
APOE-ε2/ε3*
|
−0.13 (−0.24 to -0.01)
|
0.042
|
−0.08 (−0.20 to 0.04)
|
0.2077
|
−0.10 (−0.21 to 0.02)
|
0.054
|
- The three models had WMH/TIV (%) as an outcome variable; no covariates were used in Model 1; age effect was corrected for in Model 2 and hypertension was accounted for in Model 3
- Significant results are shown in bold (p < 0.05, false discovery ratio-corrected)
- Participants without a family history of AD and APOE-ε3 homozygotes were the reference group for group comparisons
- AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE apolipoprotein E, BMI body mass index, CAIDE Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia, CI confidence interval, TIV total intracranial volume, WMH white matter hyperintensities
- *All other pairwise group comparisons showed no significant associations and are not shown in the table
