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Table 1 Characteristics of the cohorts examined

From: Prevalence and risk of progression of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease stages: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reference

Cohort

Group

N

Gender

(M/F)

Mean

age (years)

Mean

MMSE

Neuropsychological criteria

Biomarkers

Arenaza-Urquijo et al., 2017 [69]

IMAP+

CN

73

39/34

66.9

29.0

MMSE score ≥ 28

AV45-PET

Barthel et al., 2011 [77]

FBB phase 2 study

CN

68

30/38

68.2

NA

CDR = 0; MMSE score ≥ 28

FBB-PET

Besson et al., 2015 [78]

IMAP

CN

54

27/27

65.8

29.0

Cognitive performance > 5th percentile

AV45-PET

Brier et al., 2016 [79]

Washington University ACS-KADRC

CN

157

50/107

53.1

29.2

CDR = 0

PiB-PET

Byun et al., 2017 [80]

KBASE

CN

205

98/107

68.5

NA

CDR = 0

PiB-PET

Cho et al., 2016 [81]

Memory Clinic Gangnam Hospital

CN

67

25/42

66.1

28.1

No neuropsychological deficits

FBB-PET

Clark et al., 2018 [82]

WRAP

CN

314

96/218

61.5

NA

No neuropsychological deficits

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Dubois et al., 2018 [56]

INSIGHT_preAD

CN

318

117/201

76.0

28.7

Cognitive complaints; MMSE score ≥ 27, CDR = 0, FCSRT total recall score ≥ 41

AV45-PET

Eckerström et al., 2017 [72]

Gothenburg MCI Study

SCD

113

37/76

62.0

28.0

Cognitive complaints (> 6 months)

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Edmonds et al., 2015 [11]

ADNI

CN

570

308/262

73.0

NA

No neuropsychological deficits

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Gordon et al., 2015 [68]

WU-KADRC

CN

397

141/257

67.1

29.2

CDR = 0

PiB-PET

Harrington et al., 2013 [83]

Huntington Hospital—Pasadena

CN

70

27/43

77.2

NA

CDR = 0; FAQ = 0; no neuropsychological deficits

CSF Aβ42/t-tau ratio

Hatashita and Yamasaki, 2010 [84]

Shonan Atsugi Hospital—Japan

CN

91

45/46

65.1

29.3

CDR = 0; MMSE score ≥ 28

PiB-PET

Johnson et al., 2013 [85]

AV45-A11 study

CN

78

34/44

69.4

29.6

MMSE score ≥ 29; no neuropsychological deficits

PiB-PET

Kern et al., 2018 [15]

H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies

CN

259

130/129

70.6

29.3

CDR = 0

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Knopman et al., 2012 [73]

MCSA

CN

529

289/240

78.3

28

No neuropsychological deficits

PiB-PET

Lilamand et al., 2016 [86]

MAPT

CN

271

108/163

76.0

28.2

CDR = 0

PiB-PET

Lim et al., 2014 [87]

University of Pittsburgh ADRC and Pepper Registry

CN

56

19/37

75.8

28.5

CDR = 0; MMSE score > 27

PiB-PET

Lim et al., 2016 [31]

AIBL

CN

423

192/231

69.4

28.8

No neuropsychological deficits

PiB-PET

Mandecka et al., 2016 [58]

Cracow Hospital—Memory Clinic

SCD

85

28/57

61.3

NA

Cognitive complaints

CSF Aβ42 and t-tau

Meyer et al., 2018 [88]

PreventAD

CN

101

31/70

62.9

NA

MoCA ≥ 23

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Montal et al., 2018 [89]

Spain cohorts

CN

254

141/113

58.6

28.9

No cognitive complaints; CDR = 0; no neuropsychological deficits

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Ossenkoppele et al., 2014 [90]

BACS

CN

81

29/52

75.0

29.0

No cognitive complaints; no neuropsychological deficits

PiB-PET

Papp et al., 2017 [28]

HABS

CN

279

114/165

73.4

29.0

CDR = 0; no deficits on Logical Memory Story A, Delayed Recall, and MMSE

PiB-PET

Rodrigue et al., 2012 [91]

DLBS

CN

137

NA/NA

64.0

29.3

No neuropsychological deficits

AV45-PET

Schoonenboom et al., 2012 [92]

VU Medical Center, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam

SMC

275

151/124

59.0

29.0

No neuropsychological deficits

CSF Aβ42,t-tau, p-tau

Snyder et al., 2016 [70]

Rhode Island and Alzheimer Assessment Trial Match

CN

63

24/39

62.8

29.1

MMSE score ≥ 27; no neuropsychological deficits

AV45-PET

Soldan et al., 2016 [26]

BIOCARD

CN

222

89/133

56.9

29.5

No neuropsychological deficits

CSF Aβ42, t-tau, p-tau

Taylor et al., 2017 [93]

APEX

CN

128

34/94

71.3

29.0

CDR = 0; no neuropsychological deficits

PiB-PET

Um et al., 2017 [94]

Catholic Geriatric Neuroimaging Database

CN

50

18/32

68.0

28.5

CDR = 0; MMSE score > 27

FBB-PET

Van Harten et al., 2013 [95]

Amsterdam Dementia Cohort

SMC

132

76/56

61.4

28.3

Cognitive complaints; no neuropsychological deficits

CSF—NIA-AA criteria

Visser et al., 2009 [59]

DESCRIPA

CN

89

41/48

67.1

29.3

No neuropsychological deficits

CSF Aβ42/tau

SCI

60

31/29

66.0

28.8

Cognitive complaints; no neuropsychological deficits

CSF Aβ42/tau

Wolfsgruber et al., 2015 [96]

DCN

SCD

82

58/24

66.7

27.7

No neuropsychological deficits

CSF Aβ42/t-tau

Zhao et al., 2018 [57]

GEM

CN

175

104/71

86.0

NA

No neuropsychological deficits

PiB-PET

  1. amyloid beta, ACS-KADRC Adult Children Study Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ADRC Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center; AIBL Australian Imaging Biomarkers & Lifestyle study, APEX University of Kansas’s Alzheimer’s Prevention through Exercise, AV45 florbetapir, BACS Berkeley Aging Cohort Study, BIOCARD Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, CN cognitively normal, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, DESCRIPA Development of screening guidelines and criteria for pre-dementia Alzheimer’s disease, DCN German Dementia Competence Network, DLBS Dallas Lifespan Brain Study, F female, FAQ Functional Assessment Questionnaire, FBB florbetaben, FCSRT Free And Cued Selective Reminding Test, GEM Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory, HABS Harvard Aging Brain Study, IMAP Imagerie Multimodale de la Maladie d’Alzheimer à un stade Precoce, INSIGHT_preAD Investigation of Alzheimer’s Predictors in Subjective Memory Complainers, KBASE Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease, M male, MAPT Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MCSA Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NIA-AA National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association, NA not assessed, PET positron emission tomography, PiB Pittsburgh compound, p-tau phosphorylated tau, t-tau total tau, SCD subjective cognitive decline, SCI subjective cognitive impairment, SMC subjective memory complaints, WRAP Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention, WU-KADRC Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Washington University