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Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and neurophysiological characteristics of included patients

From: The impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on diagnostic confidence in patients with Alzheimer disease

 

AD

FTD

p Value*

Patients (number)

63

57

Age, years

70.3 ± 7.2

64.4 ± 8.5

p < 0.001

Age at onset (years)

66.9 ± 6.9

60.9 ± 7.8

p < 0.001

Sex (% female)

52.4

42.1

n.s.

Education (years)

10.1 ± 4.7

10.2 ± 4.5

n.s.

MMSE

22.8 ± 5.6

24.2 ± 6.3

n.s.

CDR

0.9 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 0.6

n.s.

NPI

10.9 ± 8.4

16.8 ± 10.6

p = 0.002

Short story

3.9 ± 3.2

8.3 ± 11.0

p = 0.009

Rey figure copy

19.3 ± 11.7

24.8 ± 9.4

p = 0.022

Rey figure recall

4.0 ± 5.2

8.2 ± 6.4

p = 0.001

TMT-A (s)

179.2 ± 177.5

112.8 ± 136.8

p = 0.053

TMT-B (s)

437.8 ± 152.7

345.3 ± 175.4

p = 0.008

Phonemic fluency

21.6 ± 9.6

16.6 ± 10.9

p = 0.023

Semantic fluency

20.3 ± 12.3

32.5 ± 70.2

n.s.

Clock-drawing test

5.5 ± 2.8

6.7 ± 2.8

p = 0.028

BADL lost

0.3 ± 0.9

0.6 ± 1.2

n.s.

IADL lost

1.8 ± 2.2

1.8 ± 2.3

n.s.

Amyloid PET, number positive

38/38

1/7

p < 0.001

Cerebrospinal fluid

 t-Tau

788.2 ± 414.5

317.0 ± 177.6

p < 0.001

 p-Tau181

129.4 ± 213.5

44.2 ± 24.1

p = 0.027

 Aβ1–42

520.3 ± 109.6

900.6 ± 291.3

p < 0.001

TMS measures

 SICI

0.29 ± 0.11

0.67 ± 0.26

p < 0.001

 ICF

1.41 ± 0.20

0.87 ± 0.22

p < 0.001

 SAI

0.84 ± 0.10

0.52 ± 0.12

p < 0.001

 SICI-ICF/SAI ratio

0.26 ± 0.11

1.67 ± 0.91

p < 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: Aβ1–42 Amyloid-β 1–42, AD Alzheimer disease, BADL Basic activities of daily living, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating, FTD Frontotemporal dementia, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, ICF Average intracortical facilitation (7, 10, 15 ms), ISI Interstimulus interval, MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, n.s. Not significant, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, PET Positron emission tomography, p-Tau181 Phosphorylated tau181, SAI Average short-latency afferent inhibition (0, + 4 ms), SICI Average short-interval intracortical inhibition (1, 2, 3 ms), SICI-ICF/SAI Average SICI at ISI 1, 2, 3 ms/average ICF at ISI 7, 10, 15 ms/average SAI at ISI 0, + 4 ms, TMS Transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMT-A Trail Making Test part A, TMT-B Trail Making Test part B, t-tau Total tau
  2. Demographic and clinical characteristics and neurophysiological parameters are expressed as mean ± SD (unless otherwise specified)
  3. *p Values for independent samples t test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate