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Table 9 Regression-based normative data of cognitive performance stratified by age, gender, and education as appropriate

From: Patterns of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults—findings from the EMCOA study

  

Education level

Elementary school

Junior middle school

Senior middle school

College and above

Age

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

MMSE

50–54

27.19 ± 0.47

26.74 ± 0.51

28.01 ± 0.00

27.67 ± 0.00

28.49 ± 0.00

28.38 ± 0.00

29.06 ± 0.08

29.21 ± 0.12

55–59

27.38 ± 0.35

26.66 ± 0.58

28.01 ± 0.00

27.67 ± 0.00

28.49 ± 0.00

28.38 ± 0.00

29.04 ± 0.08

29.21 ± 0.12

60–64

27.42 ± 0.30

26.76 ± 0.48

28.01 ± 0.00

27.67 ± 0.00

28.49 ± 0.00

28.38 ± 0.00

29.03 ± 0.08

29.19 ± 0.12

65–70

27.45 ± 0.26

26.72 ± 0.53

28.01 ± 0.00

27.67 ± 0.00

28.49 ± 0.00

28.38 ± 0.00

29.02 ± 0.07

29.20 ± 0.12

MoCA

50–54

22.91 ± 1.06

22.32 ± 1.04

24.75 ± 0.04

24.25 ± 0.08

25.81 ± 0.04

25.69 ± 0.08

27.10 ± 0.19

27.40 ± 0.25

55–59

23.18 ± 0.77

21.88 ± 1.18

24.58 ± 0.04

23.94 ± 0.08

25.67 ± 0.04

25.42 ± 0.09

26.89 ± 0.18

27.12 ± 0.27

60–64

23.12 ± 0.68

21.79 ± 1.00

24.43 ± 0.04

23.65 ± 0.09

25.53 ± 0.05

25.13 ± 0.09

26.74 ± 0.18

26.78 ± 0.24

65–70

23.05 ± 0.58

21.42 ± 1.07

24.29 ± 0.05

23.35 ± 0.10

25.37 ± 0.05

24.84 ± 0.09

26.54 ± 0.17

26.47 ± 0.27

AVLT-IR

50–54

12.54 ± 1.15

13.52 ± 1.07

14.53 ± 0.09

15.50 ± 0.08

15.67 ± 0.08

16.99 ± 0.08

17.08 ± 0.23

18.75 ± 0.26

55–59

12.63 ± 0.83

13.05 ± 1.21

14.16 ± 0.10

15.17 ± 0.10

15.36 ± 0.10

16.70 ± 0.10

16.67 ± 0.22

18.44 ± 0.29

60–64

12.28 ± 0.75

12.90 ± 1.03

13.79 ± 0.11

14.82 ± 0.11

15.02 ± 0.11

16.35 ± 0.11

16.33 ± 0.22

18.04 ± 0.25

65–70

12.09 ± 0.64

12.44 ± 1.10

13.43 ± 0.15

14.43 ± 0.13

14.61 ± 0.13

15.97 ± 0.12

15.87 ± 0.24

17.63 ± 0.28

AVLT-SR

50–54

4.25 ± 0.28

4.64 ± 0.33

4.91 ± 0.06

5.44 ± 0.06

5.45 ± 0.05

6.17 ± 0.05

6.28 ± 0.15

7.18 ± 0.16

55–59

4.11 ± 0.21

4.38 ± 0.38

4.66 ± 0.07

5.21 ± 0.07

5.24 ± 0.07

5.97 ± 0.07

6.01 ± 0.14

6.97 ± 0.18

60–64

3.91 ± 0.20

4.21 ± 0.33

4.42 ± 0.07

4.97 ± 0.07

5.02 ± 0.08

5.74 ± 0.07

5.78 ± 0.15

6.71 ± 0.15

65–70

3.68 ± 0.19

3.93 ± 0.34

4.17 ± 0.10

4.71 ± 0.09

4.74 ± 0.09

5.48 ± 0.08

5.47 ± 0.16

6.43 ± 0.19

AVLT-LR

50–54

3.57 ± 0.30

3.94 ± 0.34

4.27 ± 0.07

4.77 ± 0.06

4.86 ± 0.06

5.55 ± 0.06

5.78 ± 0.16

6.65 ± 0.18

55–59

3.39 ± 0.22

3.65 ± 0.38

3.99 ± 0.08

4.51 ± 0.08

4.62 ± 0.08

5.32 ± 0.08

5.47 ± 0.16

6.40 ± 0.20

60–64

3.15 ± 0.21

3.44 ± 0.33

3.70 ± 0.09

4.24 ± 0.08

4.36 ± 0.09

5.05 ± 0.08

5.21 ± 0.16

6.10 ± 0.17

65–70

2.89 ± 0.20

3.12 ± 0.35

3.42 ± 0.11

3.94 ± 0.10

4.04 ± 0.10

4.76 ± 0.10

4.85 ± 0.18

5.78 ± 0.21

SDMT

50–54

27.67 ± 3.34

26.70 ± 3.88

33.38 ± 0.46

33.95 ± 0.40

36.64 ± 0.39

39.35 ± 0.39

40.81 ± 0.76

45.76 ± 0.97

55–59

27.18 ± 2.43

24.68 ± 4.40

31.68 ± 0.44

32.38 ± 0.44

35.20 ± 0.46

37.96 ± 0.45

39.02 ± 0.74

44.27 ± 1.09

60–64

26.00 ± 2.22

23.91 ± 3.74

30.10 ± 0.46

30.88 ± 0.45

33.74 ± 0.47

36.46 ± 0.45

37.57 ± 0.73

42.62 ± 0.91

65–70

24.76 ± 1.92

22.11 ± 4.00

28.66 ± 0.56

29.34 ± 0.50

32.12 ± 0.49

34.95 ± 0.48

35.76 ± 0.80

40.98 ± 1.09

DSF

50–54

6.98 ± 0.36

7.12 ± 0.26

7.61 ± 0.02

7.60 ± 0.01

7.97 ± 0.02

7.97 ± 0.02

8.41 ± 0.07

8.40 ± 0.06

55–59

7.10 ± 0.25

7.06 ± 0.28

7.55 ± 0.01

7.55 ± 0.01

7.90 ± 0.02

7.90 ± 0.02

8.29 ± 0.06

8.31 ± 0.07

60–64

7.09 ± 0.21

7.08 ± 0.22

7.49 ± 0.02

7.50 ± 0.02

7.84 ± 0.02

7.84 ± 0.02

8.21 ± 0.06

8.21 ± 0.06

65–70

7.09 ± 0.17

7.03 ± 0.23

7.45 ± 0.02

7.45 ± 0.02

7.76 ± 0.02

7.77 ± 0.02

8.01 ± 0.06

8.12 ± 0.06

DSB

50–54

3.68 ± 0.14

3.46 ± 0.16

4.01 ± 0.03

3.85 ± 0.02

4.31 ± 0.02

4.23 ± 0.02

4.75 ± 0.08

4.76 ± 0.08

55–59

3.63 ± 0.10

3.35 ± 0.18

3.91 ± 0.03

3.76 ± 0.03

4.22 ± 0.03

4.15 ± 0.03

4.64 ± 0.07

4.67 ± 0.09

60–64

3.56 ± 0.10

3.29 ± 0.15

3.82 ± 0.03

3.67 ± 0.03

4.14 ± 0.03

4.06 ± 0.03

4.55 ± 0.07

4.57 ± 0.08

65–70

3.48 ± 0.08

3.19 ± 0.16

3.74 ± 0.03

3.58 ± 0.03

4.04 ± 0.03

3.97 ± 0.03

4.44 ± 0.07

4.48 ± 0.09

TMT-A

50–54

73.20 ± 5.61

86.91 ± 8.02

63.65 ± 1.79

71.67 ± 1.58

58.69 ± 1.51

60.69 ± 1.50

51.49 ± 1.99

47.32 ± 2.34

55–59

76.71 ± 4.03

92.67 ± 9.07

69.24 ± 1.18

76.81 ± 1.18

63.34 ± 1.26

65.24 ± 1.23

57.11 ± 1.58

52.26 ± 2.40

60–64

79.22 ± 3.63

93.31 ± 7.67

72.48 ± 0.69

79.99 ± 0.69

66.51 ± 0.73

68.55 ± 0.70

60.23 ± 1.18

55.86 ± 1.82

65–70

80.25 ± 2.98

96.41 ± 8.30

73.80 ± 0.18

81.52 ± 0.17

68.18 ± 0.16

70.20 ± 0.18

62.06 ± 0.87

57.45 ± 1.93

TMT-B

50–54

185.28 ± 13.15

208.77 ± 19.14

162.40 ± 1.37

172.83 ± 2.43

149.42 ± 1.17

146.31 ± 2.32

133.17 ± 2.74

114.61 ± 4.93

55–59

185.13 ± 9.54

220.24 ± 21.71

167.50 ± 1.31

182.26 ± 2.61

153.73 ± 1.38

154.64 ± 2.68

138.67 ± 2.64

123.53 ± 5.62

60–64

188.41 ± 8.62

225.69 ± 18.55

172.22 ± 1.37

191.23 ± 2.68

158.10 ± 1.39

163.61 ± 2.70

143.05 ± 2.63

133.24 ± 4.67

65–70

191.91 ± 7.39

236.12 ± 19.69

176.56 ± 1.69

200.48 ± 2.97

162.97 ± 1.47

172.66 ± 2.85

148.55 ± 2.74

143.10 ± 5.74

LMT-IR

50–54

8.26 ± 0.71

7.28 ± 0.97

9.99 ± 0.00

9.40 ± 0.00

11.56 ± 0.00

11.35 ± 0.00

13.83 ± 0.35

13.64 ± 0.00

55–59

8.56 ± 0.52

7.46 ± 0.79

9.99 ± 0.00

9.40 ± 0.00

11.56 ± 0.00

11.35 ± 0.00

13.73 ± 0.34

14.03 ± 0.42

60–64

8.61 ± 0.45

7.34 ± 0.89

9.99 ± 0.00

9.40 ± 0.00

11.56 ± 0.00

11.35 ± 0.00

13.70 ± 0.34

14.04 ± 0.42

65–70

8.66 ± 0.38

7.50 ± 0.75

9.99 ± 0.00

9.40 ± 0.00

11.56 ± 0.00

11.35 ± 0.00

13.64 ± 0.31

13.96 ± 0.41

SCWT-IT

50–54

35.18 ± 3.74

30.32 ± 3.10

38.31 ± 0.41

33.42 ± 0.32

36.47 ± 0.45

33.24 ± 0.41

31.26 ± 1.08

30.20 ± 0.74

55–59

37.66 ± 3.11

30.43 ± 3.79

39.89 ± 0.41

34.69 ± 0.36

38.16 ± 0.56

34.73 ± 0.49

33.65 ± 1.06

32.10 ± 0.88

60–64

38.78 ± 3.00

31.78 ± 3.45

41.40 ± 0.45

35.94 ± 0.38

39.96 ± 0.59

36.41 ± 0.52

35.67 ± 1.07

34.19 ± 0.74

65–70

39.97 ± 2.80

32.13 ± 4.07

42.85 ± 0.57

37.28 ± 0.44

42.07 ± 0.66

38.19 ± 0.58

38.37 ± 1.19

36.58 ± 1.00

  1. Predictors in final multivariate linear regression analysis were age, gender and level of education
  2. AVLT-IR Auditory Verbal Learning Test—immediate recall, AVLT-LR Auditory Verbal Learning Test—long recall, AVLT-SR Auditory Verbal Learning Test—short recall, DSB digit span backwards, DSF digit span forwards, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SCWT-IT Stroop Color-Word Test Interference Trial, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, TMT Trail Making Test, LMT-IR Logical Memory Test—immediate recall