Table 1 Descriptive data of the main clinical cohorts
Feature (median ± SD, minimum–maximum, coverage) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nondemented (ND) | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | p Value (significant cohort-wise comparisons) | |
No. of subjects | 85 | 130 | 116 | – |
Age, years | 67 ± 11 | 71 ± 8 | 74 ± 8 | 1 × 10E −10 |
43–81; 100% | 48–85; 100% | 50–88; 100% | (ND vs. MCI, AD) | |
Sex, % male | 65 | 65 | 45 | χ 2 = 2 × 10E −3 |
(AD vs. ND, MCI) | ||||
Storage time, months | 27 ± 21 | 36 ± 23 | 22 ± 19 | 7 × 10E −5 |
0.3–95.0; 100% | 4.0–91.0; 100% | 4.0–94.0; 100% | (MCI vs. ND, AD) | |
Aβ42, pg/ml | 552 ± 315 | 432 ± 302 | 319 ± 191 | 1 × 10E −9 |
138–1653; 100% | 87–1326; 100% | 91–1505; 100% | (All cohorts) | |
Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 1 × 10E −23 |
0.02–0.25; 100% | 0.02–0.23; 100% | 0.03–0.15; 100% | (All cohorts) | |
t-tau, pg/ml | 289 ± 228 | 419 ± 290 | 680 ± 344 | 3 × 10E −14 |
36–1210; 100% | 71–1528; 100% | 126–2157; 100% | (All cohorts) | |
p-tau-181, pg/ml | 43 ± 25 | 59 ± 30 | 76 ± 36 | 1 × 10E −12 |
16–157; 100% | 18–158; 100% | 23–248; 100% | (All cohorts) | |
Aβ42/p-tau-181 ratio | 17.0 ± 9.2 | 9.7 ± 9.1 | 4.5 ± 3.8 | 6 × 10E −27 |
2.0–42.8; 100% | 1.5–48.8; 100% | 1.3–25.2; 100% | (All cohorts) | |
CSF protein, mg/L | 488 ± 167 | 458 ± 148 | 453 ± 144 | 0.423 |
257–999; 93% | 248–1090; 98% | 245–1055; 99% | ||
CSF albumin, mg/L | 268 ± 137 | 256 ± 116 | 260 ± 116 | 0.485 |
103–688; 88% | 100–724; 98% | 118–803; 98% | ||
CSF IgG, mg/L | 31 ± 17 | 28 ± 13 | 28 ± 16 | 0.263 |
8–94; 88% | 9–108; 98% | 11–128; 98% | ||
CSF leukocytes, cells/μl | 1 ± 2 | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 0.942 |
0–11; 93% | 0–7; 98% | 0–7; 99% | ||
MMSE score | 29 ± 1 | 26 ± 3 | 21 ± 4 | 1 × 10E −48 |
27–30; 73% | 18–30; 91% | 6–29; 96% | (All cohorts) | |
Education, years | 15 ± 2 | 14 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 0.129 |
11–18; 18% | 8–22; 82% | 8–22; 72% | ||
Word list learning | 20 ± 3 | 16 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 1 × 10E −11 |
16–23; 18% | 5–27; 81% | 3–19; 69% | (All cohorts) | |
Word list recall | 6 ± 1 | 4 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 6 × 10E −16 |
4–9; 18% | 0–10; 78% | 0–7; 60% | (All cohorts) | |
Word list discrimination, % | 100 ± 3 | 95 ± 15 | 85 ± 21 | 7 × 10E −6 |
90–100; 18% | 0–100; 81% | 0–100; 69% | (All cohorts) | |
Figure recall | 8 ± 2 | 5 ± 3 | 3 ± 3 | 4 × 10E −10 |
2–11; 16% | 0–11; 81% | 0–10; 60% | (All cohorts) | |
TMT A | 52 ± 27 | 57 ± 33 | 84 ± 46 | 4 × 10E −3 |
20–119; 16% | 26–180; 80% | 29–180; 69% | (AD vs. ND, MCI) | |
TMT B | 115 ± 50 | 166 ± 80 | 300 ± 71 | 5 × 10E −11 |
53–245; 16% | 52–300; 75% | 76–300; 60% | (All cohorts) | |
Semantic fluency | 22 ± 7 | 16 ± 6 | 12 ± 5 | 2 × 10E −10 |
14–39; 18% | 5–34; 81% | 3–26; 72% | (All cohorts) | |
Phonetic fluency | 12 ± 4 | 10 ± 5 | 9 ± 4 | 7 × 10E −3 |
7–19; 16% | 1–26; 79% | 2–22; 70% | (MCI vs. AD) | |
FCSRT free | 32 ± 8 | 19 ± 8 | 9 ± 8 | 2 × 10E −12 |
14–40; 14% | 0–40; 63% | 0–33; 42% | (All cohorts) | |
FCSRT summary score | 48 ± 3 | 47 ± 8 | 36 ± 15 | 6 × 10E −10 |
45–57; 14% | 0–48; 63% | 2–48; 42% | (AD vs. ND, MCI) | |