Fig. 5

Inflammatory biomarkers in nondemented (ND) subjects and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative diseases. The figure shows results for inflammatory markers with significant differences in intercohort comparisons (p values derived by Kruskal-Wallis test; see Additional file 2 for all pairwise comparisons). Clustered cohorts with significant differences are colored blue and red; gray indicates indiscriminate cohorts. Effects observed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in the main cohorts remained significant after inclusion of supplemental cohorts in the Kruskal-Wallis test (a, b). Furthermore, significant differences between cohorts were observed for sVEGFR (c), IP-10 (d), sIl-1RAcP (e), sICAM-1 (f), MIF (g) and Il-6 (h). Box plots represent median and IQR, 5% and 95% percentile whiskers, and all data points outside that range. ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, DLB Dementia with Lewy bodies, FTD Frontotemporal dementia, Ig Immunoglobulin, IL Interleukin, IP-10 Interferon-γ-induced protein 10, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, MCP-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MIF Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, PD Parkinson’s disease, sICAM-1 Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, sIL-1RAcP Soluble inhibition of soluble interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein, sTREM2 Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, sVEGFR Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor