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Table 2 Antidepressant use and associated risk of head injury among persons with Alzheimer’s disease

From: Risk of head and traumatic brain injuries associated with antidepressant use among community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide matched cohort study

 

Number of events

Person years

Age-adjusted event rate per 100 person-years (95% CI)

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)a

Propensity score adjusted HR (95% CI)

Users compared with nonusers

 Nonusers

981

47,423

2.43 (2.06–2.35)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Users

392

13,178

2.98 (2.49–3.06)

1.38 (1.23–1.55)

1.36 (1.21–1.53)

1.35 (1.20–1.52)

Antidepressant use classified according to duration of use

 1–30 days

37

877

3.97 (2.70–5.25)

2.15 (1.35–3.41)

2.12 (1.33–3.36)

1.71 (1.10–2.66)

 31–180 days

102

3152

3.09 (2.49–3.70)

1.27 (1.00–1.61)

1.25 (1.00–1.59)

1.35 (1.06–1.71)

 181–365 days

84

2669

3.07 (2.41–3.73)

1.35 (1.05–1.75)

1.33 (1.03–1.72)

1.35 (1.05–1.75)

 366–731 days

90

3289

2.64 (2.10–3.18)

1.29 (1.01–1.64)

1.27 (1.00–1.62)

1.28 (1.01–1.63)

  > 731 days

79

3213

2.29 (1.56–3.01)

1.50 (1.17–1.93)

1.48 (1.15–1.91)

1.35 (1.05–1.74)

Drug class specific analyses (n = 38 concomitant users excluded)

 Other antidepressant

110

4465

2.24 (1.78–2.71)

1.01 (0.83–1.23)

0.95 (0.77–1.16)

0.94 (0.77–1.15)

 SSRI

246

7664

2.74 (2.40–3.99)

1.32 (1.15–1.52)

1.28 (1.11–1.48)

1.26 (1.10–1.45)

As-treated analyses restricted to the first 180 days

 Nonusers

248

9758

2.33 (2.03–2.63)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Users

139

4032

3.29 (2.74–3.84)

1.36 (1.11–1.68)

1.31 (1.06–1.62)

1.34 (1.08–1.66)

Intention-to-treat analyses restricted to the first 180 days

 Nonusers

268

10,226

2.35 (2.05–2.65)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Users

173

5060

3.25 (2.76–3.75)

1.31 (1.08–1.58)

1.26 (1.03–1.53)

1.34 (1.10–1.64)

  1. The reference category in all analyses is nonuse
  2. aAdjusted for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma/COPD, epilepsy, substance abuse, cancer, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depression, baseline use of antipsychotics, opioids and benzodiazepines and related drugs, history of stroke and hip fracture, and socioeconomic position
  3. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor