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Table 1 Description of the study population

From: High tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid predict nursing home placement and rapid progression in Alzheimer’s disease

Variable

Data

n

234

Follow-up period, years, median (range)

4.9 (2–11)

Age, years, median (range)

70 (46–86)

MMSE score, mean ± SD

24 ± 5

Female sex

145 (62)

Coresidency status

 

 Cohabiting (female/male)

99 (68)/79 (89)

 Living alone (female/male)

46 (32)/10 (11)

Education (years)

 

 ≤7

114 (49)

 8–12

71 (30)

 ≥13

49 (21)

CSF biomarkersa according to baseline AD stage, mean ± SD

 t-tau, ng/L

MCI 723 ± 354, dementia 780 ± 558

 p-tau, ng/L

MCI 102 ± 43, dementia 102 ± 48

 Aβ42, ng/L

MCI 351 ± 114, dementia 374 ± 124

 All three biomarkers normala

5 (2)

 Low Aβ42, normal t-tau and p-tau

21 (9)

 Low Aβ42, high t-tau or p-tau

48 (21)

 Normal Aβ42, high t-tau and/or p-tau

29 (12)

 All three biomarkers pathological

131 (56)

Baseline AD stage, n (%); MMSE score, mean (SD)

 

 MCI

134 (57); 26 ± 3

 Mild dementia

85 (36); 22 ± 4

 Moderate dementia

15 (7); 15 ± 6

NHP during follow-up

112 (48)

Males/females

34 (38)/78 (54)

MCI/dementia stage at baseline

54 (40)/58 (58)

Conversion to moderate dementia, n = 219

149 (68)

 From MCI at baseline

83/134 (62)

 From mild dementia at baseline

66/86 (77)

Rapid cognitive declineb

57 (24)

 MCI

22 (16)

 Mild to moderate dementia

35 (35)

Death during follow-up

83 (35)

 Death in severe dementia during follow-up

46 (20)

 MCI

19 (14)

 Mild to moderate dementia

27 (27)

  1. Aβ42 amyloid-β 42 peptide, AD Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, NHP nursing home placement, p-tau phosphorylated tau, t-tau total tau
  2. Values are number (percent) unless otherwise stated
  3. aReference values: Aβ42 >450 ng/L, t-tau <400 ng/L, p-tau <80 ng/L
  4. b≥4-point decline in MMSE per 12 months