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Table 2 Brain tissue blocks and stains used for neuropathology

From: Assessing clinicopathological correlation in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: rationale and methods for the UNITE study

 

Stain

 

Reserve

Luxol fast blue

Bielschowsky silver stain

AT8

Amyloid-β (4G8)a

α-Synucleina

pTDP-43a

Minimum stainingb

Brain region

Paraffin blocks, n

Olfactory bulb

1

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

Midbrain at level of red nucleus

1

 

X

 

X

X

X

X

 

Midbrain at superior cerebellar peduncle

1

X

       

Precentral, postcentral cortices (BA 4, 3, 2, 1)

1

 

X

 

X

    

Inferior parietal cortex (BA 39, 40)

1

 

X

X

X

X

  

X

Anterior cingulate (BA 24)

1

 

X

   

X

  

Superior frontal (BA 8, 9)

1

 

X

 

X

   

X

Inferior frontal cortex (BA 10, 11, 12)

2

 

X

 

X

   

X

Dorsolateral frontal (BA 45, 46)

2

 

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

Caudate-putamen-accumbens, septal cortex

2

 

X

 

X

X

   

Insular cortex

2

 

X

 

X

    

Temporal pole (BA 38)

1

 

X

 

X

   

X

Superior temporal (BA 20, 21, 22)

1

 

X

 

X

X

  

X

Amygdala, with entorhinal cortex (BA 28)

1

 

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

Globus pallidus, insula, substantia innominata

1

 

X

 

X

    

Anterior hippocampus

1

X

       

Hippocampal formation, lateral geniculate

1

 

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

Superior temporal posterior (BA 41, 42)

1

X

       

Thalamus with subthalamic nucleus

1

X

       

Hypothalamus, mammillary body

1

 

X

 

X

    

Posterior thalamus

1

X

       

Posterior cingulate (BA 23, 31)

1

X

       

Calcarine cortex (BA 17, 18)

1

 

X

X

X

    

Superior parietal cortex (BA 7B)

1

X

       

Upper pons (level of locus coeruleus)

1

 

X

 

X

   

X

Pons, middle cerebellar peduncle

1

X

       

Medulla oblongata with inferior olives

1

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

Cervical spinal cord

1

 

X

 

X

  

X

 

Thoracic spinal cord

1

X

       

Lumbar spinal cord

1

 

X

      

Sacral spinal cord

1

X

       

Cerebellar vermis

1

 

X

 

X

    

Cerebellum with dentate nucleus

1

 

X

X

X

X

  

X

Parastriate cortex

1

X

       
  1. Abbreviations: BA Brodmann area, pTDP-43 phosphorylated transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa
  2. aIf screening regions are positive for β-amyloid, α-synuclein, or pTDP-43, additional regions are stained to allow for complete staging of these pathologies
  3. bMinimum regions that must be evaluated to make a neuropathological chronic traumatic encephalopathy diagnosis
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193