Cerebrospinal fluid VILIP-1 and YKL-40, candidate biomarkers to diagnose, predict and monitor Alzheimer’s disease in a memory clinic cohort

Table 2 Baseline levels of CSF biomarkers and change within individuals over time

Data presented as mean (SE). At baseline, VILIP-1 data were missing for two patients and YKL-40 data for one patient; at follow-up, VILIP-1 data were missing for one patient and YKL-40 data for three patients. Baseline and follow-up differences (mean (SE) LP interval was 2.0 (0.1) years) were assessed with ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni corrections, adjusted for age and sex. CSF biomarkers were log-transformed for ANOVA analyses. Longitudinal effects were assessed using age and sex-adjusted linear mixed models, with CSF biomarkers (VILIP-1 and YKL-40) as dependent variables and clinical diagnosis (categorical), time (LP interval in years), and interaction diagnosis × time as independent variables. The reported β value represents the estimated change of YKL-40 (ng/ml) or VILIP-1 (pg/ml) levels per year
^* p ≤0.05 vs. cognitively normal subjects
^† p ≤0.005 vs. cognitively normal subjects
^‡ p ≤0.005 for time effect
^§ p ≤0.05 for time effect
AD Alzheimer’s disease, ANOVA analysis of variance, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, LP lumbar puncture, MCI mild cognitive impairment, SE standard error, VILIP-1 Visinin-like protein-1, YKL-40 Chitinase-3-like protein 1

ISSN: 1758-9193