Parameter | AD + D (number = 10) | AD-D (number = 10) | DLB + D (number = 10) | CONTR (number = 10) | Kruskal Wallis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and clinical data | |||||
Age at onset dementia (years) | 71.5 ± 14.0 (53–94) | 79.4 ± 13.5 (50–96) | 76.0 ± 5.8 (66–84) | N/A | P = 0.286 |
Age at death (years) | 75.7 ± 12.3 (58–95) | 83.5 ± 11.6 (59–97) | 81.4 ± 4.4 (72–87) | 76.5 ± 7.0 (65–87) | P = 0.148 |
Gender, male/female (number) | 6/4 | 7/3 | 7/3 | 5/5 | χ2 = 1.173; P = 0.759 |
Storage time tissue at −80°C (years) | 4.3 ± 3.8 (0.3-10) | 4.1 ± 4.0 (0.6-10) | 6.6 ± 4.3 (2–11) | 8.6 ± 1.0 (7–10) | P = 0.060 |
Postmortem delayc (hours) | 3.7 ± 1.0 (2–5) | 3.7 ± 0.9 (2–6) | 4.2 ± 1.4 (2–6) | 4.8 ± 1.6 (3–6) | P = 0.384 |
Taking/not taking psychotropic medication (number) | 5/5 | 7/3 | 6/4 | 4/6 | χ2 = 1.125; P = 0.771 |
Behavioral assessment scores | |||||
MFS total score (/10) | 4.8 ± 0.9 (3–6)aa | 2.3 ± 1.8 (1–5)aa | 4.3 ± 1.3 (3–7) | N/A | P = 0.008 |
Behave-AD cluster A (/21) | 1.4 ± 2.4 (0–6) | 0.10 ± 0.3 (0–1) | 0.4 ± 0.8 (0–2) | N/A | P = 0.401 |
Paranoid and delusional ideation | |||||
Behave-AD cluster B (/15) | 0.8 ± 1.2 (0–3) | 0.0 ± 0.0b | 1.9 ± 2.2 (0–6)b | N/A | P = 0.033 |
hallucinations | |||||
Behave-AD cluster AB (/36) | 2.2 ± 2.5 (0–6) | 0.1 ± 0.3 (0–1)b | 2.3 ± 2.3 (0–6)b | N/A | P = 0.041 |
psychosis | |||||
Behave-AD cluster C score (/9) | 2.9 ± 2.8 (0–7) | 0.5 ± 0.9 (0–2) | 0.9 ± 1.3 (0–4) | N/A | P = 0.084 |
activity disturbances | |||||
Behave-AD cluster D score (/9) | 4.5 ± 2.9 (0–9) | 1.7 ± 1.9 (0–4) | 1.8 ± 2.4 (0–7) | N/A | P = 0.052 |
aggressiveness | |||||
Behave-AD cluster E score (/3) | 0.7 ± 0.8 (0–2) | 0.1 ± 0.3 (0–1) | 0.3 ± 0.7 (0–2) | N/A | P = 0.111 |
diurnal rhythm disturbances | |||||
Behave-AD cluster F score (/6) | 1.9 ± 1.7 (0–4) | 0.3 ± 0.7 (0–2) | 1.1 ± 1.4 (0–4) | N/A | P = 0.052 |
affective disturbances | |||||
Behave-AD cluster G score (/12) | 1.2 ± 2.0 (0–5) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 1.7 (0–4) | N/A | P = 0.200 |
anxieties and phobias | |||||
Behave-AD total score (/75) | 13.4 ± 8.9 (2–24)aa | 2.7 ± 2.4 (0–6)aa | 7.3 ± 5.3 (2–17) | N/A | P = 0.009 |
Behave-AD global score (/3) | 1.7 ± 0.9 (0–3)aa | 0.4 ± 0.5 (0–1)aa | 1.2 ± 0.8 (0–2) | N/A | P = 0.006 |
caregiver burden | |||||
CMAI cluster 1 (/70) | 15.4 ± 8.1 (10–35) | 10.8 ± 2.5 (10–18) | 11.1 ± 2.4 (10–17) | N/A | P = 0.041 |
aggressive behavior | |||||
CMAI cluster 2 (/77) | 24.7 ± 10.9 (11–39)a | 13.1 ± 3.3 (11–21)a | 18.5 ± 7.5 (11–33) | N/A | P = 0.021 |
physically nonaggressive behavior | |||||
CMAI cluster 3 (/56) | 16.1 ± 8.6 (8–33) | 11.8 ± 5.6 (8–23) | 14.9 ± 7.6 (8–25) | N/A | P = 0.344 |
verbally agitated behavior | |||||
CMAI total sore (/203) | 56.2 ± 22.1 (29–90) | 35.7 ± 7.4 (29–47) | 44.5 ± 12.3 (29–65) | N/A | P = 0.040 |
CSDD total score (/38) | 12.1 ± 3.3 (8–19) aaa | 5.0 ± 1.2 (3–7) aaa, bbb | 10.1 ± 2.1 (8–14)bbb | N/A | P <0.0001 |
depression | |||||
Interval between rating and death (days) | 3.8 ± 10.1 (0–6) | 3.9 ± 7.0 (0–9) | 5.2 ± 9.4 (0–10) | N/A | P = 0.713 |
MMSE, staging and pH data | |||||
MMSE scored (/30) | 12.0 ± 6.6 (7–21) number = 4 | 16.0 ± 4.3 (10–25)b number = 8 | 8.7 ± 4.8 (4–16)b number = 6 | N/A | P = 0.041 |
GDS score: dementia staging (/7) | 6.2 ± 0.8 (5–7) | 5.8 ± 1.0 (4–7) | 6.6 ± 0.5 (6–7) | N/A | P = 0.151 |
pH values cerebellar brain tissue | 6.5 ± 0.3 (5.9-7.1) | 6.5 ± 0.3 (6.0-6.8) | 6.7 ± 0.3 (6.4-7.2) | 6.4 ± 0.2 (6.0-6.7) | P = 0.300 |