The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme with biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Table 2 Linear regression analyses between CSF and serum ACE measures and log-transformed CSF biomarkers in the total population ( n = 118)

	Model	Ln Aβ42	Ln tau	Ln ptau
CSF ACE protein level^a	1	0.12 (0.05; 0.19)**	0.10 (-0.01; 0.22)	0.14 (0.05; 0.22)**
	2	0.09 (0.04; 0.15)**	0.15 (0.06; 0.25)**	0.17 (0.10; 0.25)**
	3	0.11 (0.05; 0.16)**	0.16 (0.05; 0.26)**	0.19 (0.10; 0.27)**
CSF ACE activity^b	1	0.07 (-0.00; 0.14)	-0.06 (-0.18; 0.06)	0.02 (-0.07; 0.11)
	2	0.05 (-0.00; 0.11)	-0.03 (-0.13; 0.07)	0.04 (-0.04; 0.12)
	3	0.06 (0.00; 0.11)*	-0.04 (-0.14; 0.06)	0.03 (-0.05; 0.11)
Serum ACE protein level^c	1	0.09 (0.02; 0.17)*	-0.09 (-0.21; 0.03)	-0.02 (-0.11; 0.07)
	2	0.06 (-0.00; 0.12)	-0.03 (-0.13; 0.07)	0.02 (-0.06; 0.10)
	3	0.04 (-0.02; 0.11)	-0.04 (-0.15; 0.06)	0.02 (-0.06; 0.11)
Serum ACE activity^d	1	0.06 (-0.01; 0.14)	-0.10 (-0.22; 0.01)	-0.02 (-0.10; 0.07)
	2	0.03 (-0.03; 0.09)	-0.05 (-0.15; 0.05)	0.02 (-0.06; 0.10)
	3	0.02 (-0.04; 0.08)	-0.06 (-0.17; 0.05)	0.01 (-0.08; 0.10)

Data presented as Β (95% confidence interval). Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex and study groups. Model 3: additionally adjusted for APOE-ϵ4 genotype, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, history of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Aβ, amyloid-beta; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Ln, log-transformed; ptau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; RFU, relative fluorescence units; tau, total tau. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ^aPer standard deviation increase (1.32 ng/ml). ^bPer standard deviation increase (59 RFU). ^cPer standard deviation increase (1.30 ng/ml). ^dPer standard deviation increase (133 RFU).

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