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Table 1 List of drugs

From: Potential synergy between tau aggregation inhibitors and tau chaperonemodulators

Tau aggregation inhibitors

Family

Mechanism

Toxicity

BBB permeability

Other notes

AQ2S

Anthraquinone

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Likely

Laxative

Emodin

Anthraquinone

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Likely

Laxative

Daunorubicin

Anthraquinone

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Likely

Laxative

Mitoxantrone

Anthraquinone

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Likely

Laxative

Pixantrone

Anthraquinone

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Likely

Laxative

C11

Carbocyanine

β-sheet inhibitor

Low toxicity

Likely

 

N744

Carbocyanine

β-sheet inhibitor

Low toxicity

Unknown

 

PR-619

Diaminopyridine

Hsp70 inhibitor

Some toxicity

Unknown

 

17-AAG

Natural product derivative

Hsp90 inhibitor

Some toxicity

Permeable

Low bioavailability

Geldanamycin

Natural product

Hsp90 inhibitor

Highly toxic

Not permeable

Toxic

Hydroxytyrosol

Natural product

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Permeable

 

Novobiocin

Natural product

Hsp90 inhibitor

Low toxicity

Poorly permeable

 

Oleuropein

Natural product

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Not permeable

 

Oleuropein aglyxone

Natural product

β-sheet inhibitor

Nontoxic

Unknown

 

Radicicol

Natural product

Hsp90 inhibitor

Some toxicity

Poorly permeable

Low bioavailability

Withaferin A

Natural product

Cdc37 inhibitor

Some toxicity

Permeable

 

Paclitaxel

Natural product

Microtubule stabilizer

Highly toxic

Poorly permeable

 

Curcumin

Natural product; flavonoid

Hsp70 inhibitor

Nontoxic

Permeable

Low bioavailability

Myricetin

Natural product; flavonoid

Hsp70 inhibitor

Low toxicity

Permeable

 

Quercetin

Natural product; flavonoid

Hsp70 inhibitor

Low toxicity

Permeable

 

B1C11

N-Phenylamine

β-sheet inhibitor

Low toxicity

Unknown

 

B4A1

N-Phenylamine

β-sheet inhibitor

Low toxicity

Unknown

 

B4D3

N-Phenylamine

β-sheet inhibitor

Low toxicity

Unknown

 

B4D5

N-Phenylamine

β-sheet inhibitor

Low toxicity

Unknown

 

Methylene blue

Phenothiazine

Hsp70 inhibitor

Low toxicity

Permeable

Blue color

Quinoxalines

Phenothiazine

Hsp70 inhibitor

Selective toxicity

Permeable

Low bioavailability

BSc3094

Phenylthiazolyl-hydrazides

β-sheet inhibitor

Some toxicity

Unknown

 

Epalrestat

Rhodanine

β-sheet inhibitor

Some toxicity

Permeable

Aldose reductase inhibitor

Troglitazone

Rhodanine

β-sheet inhibitor

Highly toxic

Likely

 

MKT-077

Rhodocyanine

Hsp70 inhibitor

Selective toxicity

Not permeable

 

YM-01

Rhodocyanine

Hsp70 inhibitor

Selective toxicity

Not permeable

 

YM-08

Rhodocyanine

Hsp70 inhibitor

Selective toxicity

Permeable

Less potent than YM-01

Macrocycles

Synthetic

β-sheet inhibitor

Unknown

Unknown

 
  1. 17-AAG, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldamycin; AQ2S,anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid; BBB, blood–brain barrier; C11,3,3′-diethyl-9-methyl-thiacarbocyanine iodide; Cdc37, celldivision control 37 kDa; Hsp, heat shock protein; MKT-077,1-ethyl-2-((3-ethyl-5-(3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-yliden))-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidenemethyl)pyridinium chloride; N744,3,3′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-9-ethyl-5,5′-dimethoxythiacarbocyanineiodide; PR619, 2,6-diamino-3,5-dithiocyanopyridine, thiocyanic acidC,C′-(2,6-diamino-3,5-pyridinediyl) ester;2,6-diaminopyridine-3,5-bis(thiocyanate).